概念隐喻与语法隐喻

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OverseasEnglish:20116201161,。,。,。,:,,。。,。,“,,、(:2004,102)。”“”(Lakoff&Johnson1980;Lakoff1993)。“,;,;。,。(:2006,86)”“”Halliday1985《》,。Halliday,()()。“,。(,:2000,133)”,。。,。22.1《》(MatephorsWeLiveBy,Lakoff&Johnson1980),“TheContemporaryTheoryofMetaphor”(Lakoff1993)。Lakoff,“”(“”BUILDINGS),“”(“”THEORIES)。。1)Weneedtobuttressthetheorywithsolidargument.2)Thefoundationofthetheoryisshaky.3)Theargumentcollapsed.,Lakoffbuttress,foundation,shaky,collapsed“”,“”。,“”“”,“”(THEORIESAREBUILDINGS)。,buttress,foundation,shaky,col-lapsed“”,“”,。Lakoff“”,“”。“(cross-domain)”。,、、,,。“。”(Lakoff&Johnson,1980)。:(structuralmetaphor)、(orientationalmetaphor)(ontologicalmetaphor)。2.1.1,,、、,TIMEISMONEY。。:4)Howdoyouspendyoursparetime?5)Youarerunningoutoftime.6)Goingshoppingcostmehalfanhour.2.1.2。、、、、、、,,:HAPPYISUP;SADISDOWN.7)Iamfeelingup.8)Heisatthepeakofhealth.9)Myspiritsankforthebadnews.:2011-03-22:2011-04-13:(1986-),,,09,,。(,510632):。,。,,,。:;;:H059:A:1009-5039(2011)06-0326-02ISSN1009-5039OverseasEnglishhwsy@overseaen.com::,;,。。2.1.3,“”,———。、、、(),、、。(containermetaphor),,,、。:10)Heisoutofpoverty.(POVERTYASCONTAINER)11)Sheisdeepinthought.(THOUGHTASCONTAINER)12)Marriageisthetomboflove.(MARRIAGEASCON-TAINER),。,。2.2Halliday,“(seman-tics)———(lexico-grammar)———(phonolo-gy)”。(Halliday:2004,24),,。Halliday,,:,。,,“”。,“(congruent)”,,,“(metaphorical)”。Halliday《》。“,。……,。”(Halliday:2004,342)Halli-day,。2.2.1Halliday,(transitivi-ty)(voice)。(,:2008)Halliday,:1);2);3);4);5);6)。、。Halliday,,,,:;,、;,。:1a)GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepasttwentyyears.()→1b)ThepasttwentyyearshaswitnessedgreatchangesinChina.()2a)Hecriedsadly.()→2b)Heletoutasadcry.(),a,。1a,“inthepasttwentyyears”,1b,“”,1a“havetakenplace”“greatchanges”,1b“”。,,。1a,1b,,;2a,2b,。,。,,,。,,,,:1a,2a,,“(thecongruentform)”;1b,;2b,“cry”。,,“(themetaphoricalform)”。2.2.2Halliday。,、。,。,:,。,、、。、、。:①():Igavehimanapple.②():Areyouhappytoday?③():Pleaseclosethedoor.④():Wouldyoulikesomeba-nanas?,。,②,。②Pleaseclosethedoor.→Youshouldclosethedoor.→Couldyoupleaseclosethedoor?②。。。,。,。4:、、。,。:①Perhapsitwillraintomorrow.②Ithinkitwillraintomorrow.③It’slikelyitwillraintomorrow.,①,②③①。①perhaps②③“Ithink”,“It’slikely”。、,。“Ithink”(334)327OverseasEnglish:2011620116(327)“It’slikely”。“Ithink”,;“It’slikely”,。,,Halliday,,13。,“,。”(,,:2004,234)3,,,。,,,。,,。,。,。:[1]LakoffG,Johnson.MetaphorsWeLiveBy[M].Chicago:TheUni-versityofChicagePress,1980.[2]LakoffG.TheContemporaryTheoryofMetaphor.InOrtonyMetaphorandThought[M].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1993.[3]HallidayMAK.AnIntroductiontoFunctionalGrammar[M].NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,2004.[4],.[M].:,2005.[5].[M].:,2005.[6].[M].:,2006.。,。,“”,。。:be+:1)Historyismadebythepeople.2)Youarewantedonthephone.:———(、、)———()。:1)。。2),。。。。。。,。。,。。,。。,。,。。:[1].[M].:,2000.[2],.[J].,2007(3).[3].[M].:,2003.[4].[M].:,2000.334

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