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1.=Beowul=canbetermedEngland’snationalepicanditsheroBeowulf—oneofthenationalheroesoftheEnglishpeople.贝奥武夫（有记载的最早的一部英国文学作品）2.TheliteratureofAnglo-Saxonperiodfallsnaturallyintotwodivisions,--=(Pagan)andChristian=.TheformerrepresentsthepoetrywhichtheAnglo-Saxonsprobablybroughtwiththemintheformof=oralsagas=,--thecrudematerialoutofwhichliteraturewasslowlydevelopedonEnglishsoil;thelatterrepresentsthe=writings=developedunderteachingofthemonks.盎格鲁-撒克逊时期的文学自然地分成两个部门,——(异教徒)和基督教。前者代表了诗歌的盎格鲁撒克逊人可能带来的形式口头传说,原油材料文献在慢慢开发英语土壤;他后者代表作品在教学的僧侣。3.TheSongofBeowulfreflectseventswhichtookplaceonthe=EuropeanContinent=approximatelyatthebeginningofthe6thcentury,whentheforefathersoftheJuteslivedinthesouthernpartofthe=Scandinavianpeninsula=.4.TheoldEnglishpoetrycanbedividedintotwogroups:the=secular=poetryandthe=religious=poetry.世俗诗歌和宗教诗歌。5.=(Beowulf)=istheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguage,andalsotheoldestsurvivingepicintheEnglishlanguage.史诗II.1.__c_____isthefirstimportantreligiouspoetinEnglishliterature.凯德蒙（公元7世纪盎格鲁-撒克逊基督教诗人）A.JohnDonneB.GeorgeHerbertC.CaedmonD.Milton2.InAnglo-Saxonperiod,Beowulfrepresentedthe__=pagan=__poetry.异教徒；无宗教信仰者1.Intheyear=1066=,atthebattleof=Hasting=黑斯廷（英国东萨塞克斯郡濒临加来海峡的城市）,theNormansheadedbyWilliam,DukeofNormandy,defeatedtheAnglo-Saxons.2.TheliteraturewhichNormansbroughttoEnglandisremarkableforitsbright,romantictalesof=loveandadventures=,inmarkedcontrastwiththe=strengthandsomberness=ofAnglo-Saxonpoetry.盎格鲁撒克逊提倡力量和暗淡3.TheliteratureoftheAnglo–Normanperiodwasofthreeclasses:thematterof_________;matterof__________________;matterof___________.4.Afterthe=Norman=Conquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.5.themostprevalentkindofliteratureinfeudalEnglandwas=romance=.Itwasalongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventureofanoblehero.GeoffreyChaucer杰弗里·乔叟(GeoffreyChaucer，1342年-1400年)，英国中世纪著名作家，出生于一个酒商家庭。1359年随爱德华三世的部队远征法国，被法军俘虏，不久以黄金赎回。I.1.GeoffreyChaucer,the“=fatherofEnglishpoetry=”andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoets叙事诗人ofEngland,wasborninLondoninorabouttheyear1340.2.Beingespeciallyfondofthegreat=Italian=writerBoccaccio,Chaucercomposesalongnarrativepoem=TroilusandCressie=,baseduponBoccaccio’spoemFilostratoChaucer's.3.ChaucergreatlycontributedtothefoundingoftheEnglishliterarylanguage,thebasisofwhichwasformedbythe=London=dialect,soprofusely丰富的usedbythepoet.4.Chaucer’smasterpieceis杰作=TheCanterburyTales=坎特伯雷故事集（著作名）,oneofthemostfamousworksinallliterature.5.ThePrologue序言isasplendidmasterpieceofRomanticportrayal,thefirstofitskindinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.序言是一个辉煌的杰作的浪漫形象,首次在英语文学的历史。6.Inhisgreatestwork,TheCanterburyTales,Chaucercreatedastrikinglybrilliantandpicturesquepanoramaofhistimeandhiscountry.在他最伟大的作品,《坎特伯雷故事集》中,乔叟创造了一个惊人的才华横溢,风景如画的时间和国家的全景。6.Chaucer’sworkispermeatedwithbuoyantfree-thinking,socharacteristicoftheageofRenaissancewhoseimmediateforerunnerChaucerthusbecomes.英国浪漫文学当之无愧的先驱1.The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupof_feudal_relationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationsof__capitalism__.2.The16thcenturywasatimewhen,accordingtoThomasMore,“sheepdevouredman”.3.ThetermRenaissanceoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassicGreekandRomanartsandsciencesafterthedarkagesofobscurantism.文艺复兴一词最初显示的复兴古典希腊和罗马艺术与科学在蒙昧主义的黑暗时代。4.KingHenrytheVIIIbrokeoffwiththePope,dissolvedallthemonasteriesandabbeysinthecountry,confiscatedtheirlandsandproclaimedhimselfheadofChurchofEngland.国王亨利八世与教皇断绝了,解散了所有的修道院和修道院,没收他们的土地,宣布自己成为英格兰教会的负责人。5.TheoldEnglisharistocracyhavingexterminatedinthecourseofWaroftheRoses,anewnobility,totallydependentontheking’spower,cametothefore.古老的英国贵族消灭在玫瑰战争的过程中,新贵族,完全依赖国王的权力,开始崭露头角。6.Atthebeginningofthe16thcenturytheoutstandinghumanistThomasMorewrotehisUtopiainwhichhegaveaprofoundandtruthfulpictureofthepeople’ssufferingsandputforwardhisidealofafuturehappysociety.7.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞（人名）wastheauthorofthegreatestepicpoemofthetime,TheFaireQueen.8.ThegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdramawasWilliamShakespearewhoreformedthatgenreinEnglandandperfectedthelanguageandverseofdramaticworks.最伟大的英国戏剧是莎士比亚改革的先驱,在英格兰和完善语言和诗歌流派的戏剧作品。9.WilliamShakespearewasbornonthe23rdofApril,1564,inStratford-upon-Avon史特拉福,Warwickshire.10.Hamletspeaksthefamous“Tobe,ornottobe”11.Shakespeare’ssonnetsfallintotwoseries:Thefirst126sonnetsareaddressedtoayoungman,andtherest(exceptthelasttwoones)areaddressedtodarklady.黑暗淑女12.ThefourgreattragediesinShakespeare’smatureperiodareHamlet,Othello,KingLearandMacbeth.哈姆雷特,奥赛罗,《李尔王》和《麦克白》。13.PopedescribeFrancisBaconas“thewisest,brightest,andmeanestofmankind”.教皇培根描述为“最聪明的,最聪明的,最差的人类”。14.OfBacon’sliteraryworks,themostimportantaretheEssays.1.The17thcenturywasaperiodwhenabsolutemonarchyimpededthefurtherdevelopmentofcapitalisminEnglandandthebourgeoisiecouldnolongerbeartheswayoflandednobility.17世纪是一个君主专制时期阻碍了资本主义的进一步发展,在英格兰和资产阶级再也无法忍受贵族地主的影响。2.Therearereligiousdivisionandconfusionandalongbitterstrugglebetweenthepeople’sParliamentandtheThrone--PuritansfightingagainsttheCavalierswhohelpedtheking.清教徒与骑士3.In1653,OliverCromwellimposedamilitarydictatorshiponthecountry;afterhisdeathmonarchywasaga