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TED英语演讲稿：我们为什么要睡觉简介：一生中，我们有三分之一的时间都在睡眠中度过。关于睡眠，你又了解多少?睡眠专家russellfoster为我们解答为什么要睡觉，以及睡眠对健康的影响。whatidliketodotodayistalkaboutoneofmyfavoritesubjects,andthatistheneuroscienceofsleep.now,thereisasound--(alarmclock)--aah,itworked--asoundthatisdesperately,desperatelyfamiliartomostofus,andofcourseitsthesoundofthealarmclock.andwhatthattrulyghastly,awfulsounddoesisstopthesinglemostimportantbehavioralexperiencethatwehave,andthatssleep.ifyoureanaveragesortofperson,36percentofyourlifewillbespentasleep,whichmeansthatifyouliveto90,then32yearswillhavebeenspententirelyasleep.nowwhatthat32yearsistellingusisthatsleepatsomelevelisimportant.andyet,formostofus,wedontgivesleepasecondthought.wethrowitaway.wereallyjustdontthinkaboutsleep.andsowhatidliketodotodayischangeyourviews,changeyourideasandyourthoughtsaboutsleep.andthejourneythatiwanttotakeyouon,weneedtostartbygoingbackintime.enjoythehoney-heavydewofslumber.anyideaswhosaidthat?shakespearesjuliuscaesar.yes,letmegiveyouafewmorequotes.osleep,ogentlesleep,naturessoftnurse,howhaveifrightedthee?shakespeareagain,from--iwontsayit--thescottishplay.(laughter)fromthesametime:sleepisthegoldenchainthattieshealthandourbodiestogether.extremelyprophetic,bythomasdekker,anotherelizabethandramatist.butifwejumpforward400years,thetoneaboutsleepchangessomewhat.thisisfromthomasedison,fromthebeginningofthe20thcentury.sleepisacriminalwasteoftimeandaheritagefromourcavedays.bang.(laughter)andifwealsojumpintothe1980s,someofyoumayrememberthatmargaretthatcherwasreportedtohavesaid,sleepisforwimps.andofcoursetheinfamous--whatwashisname?--theinfamousgordongekkofromwallstreetsaid,moneyneversleeps.whatdowedointhe20thcenturyaboutsleep?well,ofcourse,weusethomasedisonslightbulbtoinvadethenight,andweoccupiedthedark,andintheprocessofthisoccupation,wevetreatedsleepasanillness,almost.wevetreateditasanenemy.atmostnow,isuppose,wetoleratetheneedforsleep,andatworstperhapsmanyofusthinkofsleepasanillnessthatneedssomesortofacure.andourignoranceaboutsleepisreallyquiteprofound.whyisit?whydoweabandonsleepinourthoughts?well,itsbecauseyoudontdoanythingmuchwhileyoureasleep,itseems.youdonteat.youdontdrink.andyoudonthavesex.well,mostofusanyway.andsothereforeits--sorry.itsacompletewasteoftime,right?wrong.actually,sleepisanincrediblyimportantpartofourbiology,andneuroscientistsarebeginningtoexplainwhyitssoveryimportant.soletsmovetothebrain.now,herewehaveabrain.thisisdonatedbyasocialscientist,andtheysaidtheydidntknowwhatitwas,orindeedhowtouseit,so--(laughter)sorry.soiborrowedit.idontthinktheynoticed.okay.(laughter)thepointimtryingtomakeisthatwhenyoureasleep,thisthingdoesntshutdown.infact,someareasofthebrainareactuallymoreactiveduringthesleepstatethanduringthewakestate.theotherthingthatsreallyimportantaboutsleepisthatitdoesntarisefromasinglestructurewithinthebrain,butistosomeextentanetworkproperty,andifweflipthebrainonitsback--ilovethislittlebitofspinalcordhere--thisbithereisthehypothalamus,andrightunderthereisawholeraftofinterestingstructures,notleastthebiologicalclock.thebiologicalclocktellsuswhenitsgoodtobeup,whenitsgoodtobeasleep,andwhatthatstructuredoesisinteractwithawholeraftofotherareaswithinthehypothalamus,thelateralhypothalamus,theventrolateralpreopticnuclei.allofthosecombine,andtheysendprojectionsdowntothebrainstemhere.thebrainstemthenprojectsforwardandbathesthecortex,thiswonderfullywrinklybitoverhere,withneurotransmittersthatkeepusawakeandessentiallyprovideuswithourconsciousness.sosleeparisesfromawholeraftofdifferentinteractionswithinthebrain,andessentially,sleepisturnedonandoffasaresultofarangeofokay.sowherehavewegotto?wevesaidthatsleepiscomplicatedandittakes32yearsofourlife.butwhatihaventexplainediswhatsleepisabout.sowhydowesleep?anditwontsurpriseanyofyouthat,ofcourse,thescientists,wedonthaveaconsensus.therearedozensofdifferentideasaboutwhywesleep,andimgoingtooutlinethreeofthose.thefirstissortoftherestorationidea,anditssomewhatintuitive.essentially,allthestuffweveburnedupduringtheday,werestore,wereplace,werebuildduringthenight.andindeed,asanexplanation,itgoesbacktoaristotle,sothats,what,2,300yearsago.itsgoneinandoutoffashion.itsfashionableatthemomentbecausewhatsbeenshownisthatwithinthebrain,awholeraftofgeneshavebeenshowntobeturnedononlyduringsleep,andthosegenesareassociatedwithrestorationandmetabolicpathways.sotheresgoodevidenceforthewholerestorationhypothesis.whataboutenergyconservation?again,perhapsintuitive.youessentiallysleeptosavecalories.now,whenyoudothesums,though,itdoesntreallypanout.ifyoucompareanindividualwhohassleptatnight,orstayedawakeandhasntmovedverymuch,theenergysavingofsleepingisabout110caloriesanight.now,thatstheequivalentofahotdogbun.now,iwouldsaythatahotdogbuniskindofameagerreturnforsuchacomplicatedanddemandingbehaviorassleep.soimlessconvincedbytheenergyconservationidea.butthethirdideaimquiteattractedto,whichisbrainprocessingandmemoryconsolidation.whatweknowisthat,ifafteryouvetriedtolearnatask,andyousleep-depriveindividuals,theabilitytolearnthattaskissmashed.itsreallyhugelyattenuated.sosleepandmemoryco