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Grammar1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词称为先行词3.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as等；关系副词：where,when,why等。关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系词指代人或物定语从句中充当的成分关系代词that人或物主语、宾语、表语或状语which物或主句内容主语、宾语who人主语或宾语whom人宾语whose人或物定语as人或物或主句内容主语或宾语关系副词when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语4.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。Heisthemanthat/whowantstoseeyou.定语从句（AttributiveClauses）定义：在主从复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”定语从句的特点：定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词或代词的后面先行词关系词(在从句中充当主语)1.位置：2.先行词：3.关系词（引导词）：关系代词在从句中所作的成分指代例句thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas主语或宾语主语或宾语指物指物指人指人指人指物主语宾语定语用于限制性的定语从句such…as…,thesame...as...,as...as...结构中,用于非限制性定语从句中指代整个句子，有“正如”之意。Aletterthatiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.指人Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdaywasjim’ssister.ThecomputerwhichisbeingusedhereismadeinBeijing.Theletter(which)Ireceivedwasfrommybrother.Herecomesthegirlwhowantstoseeyou.Thisistheboy(whom/who)yousawjustnow.Tomistheboywhosemotherisalawyer.Thebookwhosecoverisblueismine.作宾语时可以省略用作宾语时可以省略可以省略关系副词在从句中所作的成分指代例句whenwherewhy状语状语状语时间地点原因In1998,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewup.IstillrememberthedaywhenImethimforthefirsttime.Thereasonwhyhemissedthespeechwasthathedidn’tcatchthebus.Iwillneverforgettheday__________Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词when(which/that)(which/that)where1.Theman___________cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Achild__________parentsaredeadiscalledTom.3.Couldyoutellmethereason______youarelate.4.Idon’tknowtheboy__________youtalkedwith.5.Beijingistheplace________Icame.6.Gonearethedays____weusedforeignoil.巩固性训练：用关系词填空who/thatwhose(whom/that)wherewhywhenRemember:引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。Isthismuseum____youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theoneIsthisthemuseum____weheldtheexhibition?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例1例2分析例1变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum_____________weheldtheexhibition.例2变为肯定句：Thismuseumis________________________youvisitedafewdaysago.(that/which)theonewhere(1)先行词被①形容词最高级；②序数词；③theonly,thevery,theright,thesame，thelast修饰时。ThisistheonlybookthatIboughttoday.(2)先行词为all,none,much,little,few,everything,something,anything,nothing,等不定代词时。(先行词被all,any,every,each,few,no,little,some等修饰)Isthisallthatisleft？Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。Lookatthemanandhishorsethatarewalkingupthestreet.关系代词which和that的区别•在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which:•(4)先行词在从句中作表语。Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.•(5)当主句中含有疑问词which或who时,为避免重复，常用that代替who或which。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?•(6)主句以therebe开头时ThereislittlethatIcandotomakeupforthelosttime.1.在介词提前的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunusedtolive.2.Which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsveryangry.只能用which而不能用that的情况：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开用逗号“，”与主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语：“…的”通常译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上1.作宾语时可省略1.不可省略2.可用that2.不用that3.可用who代替whom3.不可用who代替whomas与which引导的定语从句二者都可以引导非限制定语从句，指代从句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.在下列情况下一般只能用as：(1)as放在句首，而which不能。(2)as本身有“正如……；正像……”之意，而which没有；此时as常和know,see,expect,announce,suggest,hope,believe等连用。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.Aseverybodyknows/AsisknowntoeverybodyAswecansee，AsishopedAsisoftenthecase,AshasbeensaidbeforeAsisreportedinthenewspaper(3)当先行词被thesame,such修饰时，定语从句需用as引导e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.thesame…as(指同类的东西)thesame…that(指同一个东西)ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.1.众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。Asisknowntoeveryone,Chinaisacountrythathasthelargestpopulationintheworld.2.他戴着你昨天买的同样手表。Heiswearingthesamewatchasyouboughtyesterday.Translatethefollowingtwosentences.介词+关系代词提醒:介词﹢关系代词(whom/which)引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.Theteacherforwhomyouarewaitingiscoming.ThisistheroominwhichLuXunusedtolive.方法一:根据从句中动词的习惯搭配Thisisthemanwithwhomyoutalkedyesterday.方法二:根据先行词的习惯搭配Thespeedatwhichlighttravelsis3000,000kmpersecond.方法三:根据句子所需要的意思Thecolorlessgasiscalledoxygen,withoutwhichwecouldnotlive.注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替2.Whose引导的从句可转换为“of+关系代词”的形式，即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+n.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,thewindowofwhichfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,ofwhichthewindowfacessouth.Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。whose用法及转换形式非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“名词/数词/代词+ofwhich/whom”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.补充1.Therearetwobuildings,________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich解析：答案为D。thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings;B选项缺少一个连词。2.(2004辽宁卷)Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofs