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M4U1GrammarDirectspeechandreportedspeechHesaid,”Ilostakeyheretoday.”Directspeech直接引语Hesaid(that)hehadlostakeytherethatdayReportedspeech间接引语直接引语和间接引语一.定义：交际中我们常常需要引述别人说的话1.一种是原封不动地引用原话，放在引号内，称为直接引语（TheDirectSpeech）2.另一种用自己的话加以转述，称为间接引语(TheIndirectSpeech)。Hesaid,”Ilostakeyheretoday.”Hesaid(that)hehadlostakeytherethatday观察两句话的不同之处：直接引语与间接引语转化变化之处：1.句子结构(sentencestructure)【标点+陈述语序】2.人称代词(personalpronouns)3.时态(tenses)4.时间、地点状语(adverbialsoftimeandplaces)Hesaidtome,“I’veleftherbookinyourroom”HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”1、人称的变化Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”Shetoldmethatthat_____wantedhelphimHetoldLilythat______mustgetupearly.Hetoldmethat___hadleft___bookin___room.hehermyshethey2.时态的变化：(1).如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，间接引语中的动词时态保持不变。Hesays,“IliveinLondon.”=Hesaysthathe__________inLondon.(2).如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态往过去推,作如下变化：lives直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语一般过去(did)现在完成(have/hasdone)一般现在(do/does)现在完成进行(havebeendoing)一般将来(willdo)过去完成(haddone)过去进行时(was/weredoing)过去将来时(woulddo)现在进行(am/is/aredoing)过去进行(was/weredoing)过去完成(haddone)过去完成(haddone)过去将来(woulddo)不变过去完成进行(hadbeendoing)一般过去(did)•Hesaid,“IliveinLondon.”•=Hesaidthathe______inLondon.•Hesaid,“IamlivinginLondonnow.”•=Hesaidthathe__________inLondonthen.•Hesaid,“IwillliveinLondonnextyear.”•=Hesaidthathe_________inLondonthenextyear.•Hesaid,“IlivedinLondonforyears.”•=Hesaidthathe_________inLondonforyears.livedwaslivingwouldlivehadlived(3)直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。Theteachersaid,‘Theearthmovesaroundthesun.’=Theteachersaidthattheearth___________aroundthesun.moves直接引语间接引语nowtodaytomorrowyesterdaynextweeklastyearaweekago3.时间状语转换：thenthatday/yesterday/onSaturday,etc.thenextday/thefollowingday/onTuesday,etc.thedaybefore/thepreviousday/onTuesday,etc.theweekafter/thefollowingweek,etc.theyearbefore/thepreviousyear,etc.aweekbefore/aweekearlier,etc.nowthentodayThatdaytonightThatnightagoBefore/earlieryesterdayThedaybeforelastnightThenightbeforetomorrowThenext/followingdaynext…Thenext/following…直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：练习：把下列句子改为间接引语1.‘Iwillcomeandseeyouagainnextweek,Tom,’hesaid.2.‘IsawTomlastnight,’shesaid.3.Thedoctorsaidtothepatient,‘Youwillhavetowaittill3pmtomorrow.’HetoldTomthathewouldgoandseehimagainthefollowingweek.Shesaidthatshe’dseenTomthenightbefore.Thedoctortoldthepatientthathewouldhavetowaittill3pmthenext/followingday.•4.地点状语，指示代词，动词的变化•地点状语的变化：here—there•指示代词的变化：this—thatthese—those•动词的变化：come—gobring—take直接引语间接引语地点状语herethere指示代词thisthatthesethose动词comegobringtakeShesaid,“I’llcomehereagaintonight.”Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”Hesaidthathewantedthat.MaysaidtoTom,“I’llbringsomephotosheretoyoutomorrow.”MaytoldTomshewouldtakesomephotostheretohimthenextday.Exercise:Page9Answers:(1)was(2)Wouldbe(3)hadread(4)that(5)would(6)hadbought(7)that(8)would(9)those(10)herExercise:Page92C1:(1)your,tomorrow(2)Idid,lastIhaven’t(3)Haveyouhad(4)Ifinishedyesterday(5)amgoing(6)Willcome(7)havetotodaywon’ttomorrowM4U1Grammar(2)Directspeechandreportedspeech直接引语间接引语:陈述句(statements)疑问句(questions)祈使句(imperativesentences)一般疑问句特殊疑问句1.陈述句:用that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。语序不变“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.SarahsaidtoherfriendsthatIdon’tlikecomputers.tolddidn’tsheSarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.adviseexplaininsistpromiseannouncesuggestwarn1.Shesaid“I’llcomethisevening.”Shesaid(that)shewouldgothatevening.2.Mysistersaidtome,“I’mleavingtomorrow.”Mysistertoldme(that)shewasleavingthenext(following)day.3.Hesaid,“Mymotherisnotherenow.”Hesaid(that)hismotherwasnottherethen.Todsaid(that)therewasn’tanytroubleandthathewaswaitingforhischange.注意:当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时,仅能省略第一个that,其余的不能省略。Todsaid,“Thereisn’tanytroubleandI’mwaitingformychange(零钱)”.2.一般疑问句:whether/if引导的宾语从句Theyaskedhim,”Isiteasytosolvetheproblem?”Theyaskedhimwhether/ifItiseasytosolvetheproblem.itiseasytosolvetheproblemaskediswasTheyaskedhimifitwaseasytosolvetheproblem.Theyaskedhim,“Doyouhaveacar?”TheyaskedhimWhether/ifyouhaveacaryouhaveacar.hehadTheyaskedhimwhether/ifhehadacar.2.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语Theyaskedhim,“Canyouplaytheguitar?”TheyaskedhimWhether/ifYoucanplaytheguitaryoucanplaytheguitar.hecouldTheyaskedhimwhether/ifhecouldplaytheguitar.Theyaskedhim.“Areyouastudent?”TheyaskedhimWhether/ifyouareastudentyouareaastudent.hewasTheyaskedhimwhetherhewasastudent.注意：选择疑问句和反义疑问句Heaskedme,“DoyouliveinLondonorParis?”=Heaskedmeif/whetherIlivedinLondonorParis.Heaskedme,“YouliveinLondon,don’tyou?”=Heaskedmeif/whetherIlivedinLondon.3.特殊疑问句:wh-词引导的宾语从句Theyaskedhim,”whendoyouliveinLondon?”TheyaskedhimwhenyouliveinLondonyouliveinLondon.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenhelivedinLondon.lived1.Shesaidtome“Whyareyouinterestedinscience?”Sheaskedme________________interestedinscience.2.Heaskedhim“whenwillyoubuytheredcoat?”Heaskedhim_________________buytheredcoat.3.Shirleyaskedme“Wherewereyouborn?”Shirleyaskedme__________________born.4.“What’swrongwithyou?”Lilyaskedme.Lilyaskedme__________________with_____.Exercises:whyIwaswhenhewouldwhereIwaswhatwaswrongme其它可用于此结构的动词：‘Don’tworry,Mickey,’Jensaid.Jen_________________Mickeynottoworry.‘Don’tbelieveeveryadyouread,’Lilysaidtome