含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时

一．使役动词和感官动词的被动语态。在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,feel，make,，have，let等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.Hismothermakeshimcleantheroomeveryday.→Heismadetocleantheroomeveryday.Iheardhimtalkaboutthatmatter.Hewasheardtotalkaboutthatmatterbyme.二．带双宾语的动词1.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,lend,offer,pass,promise,sell,show,teach,tell等。Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,,make,order,sing,draw等。Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)Themeatwascookedforus.2.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有laughat,operateon,lookafter,makefunof,makeuseoftakecareof,,carryout,,giveup,handin,pointout,putaway,putoff,turndown,workout,talkabout等。Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.Achildistakengoodcareof3.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：a,动词+宾语+adjWealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.b.动词+宾语+todoShetoldustofollowherinstructions.→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.C,动词+宾语+doingIfoundhimlyingonthefloor→hewasfoundlyingonthefloor三．某些动词用主动表被动.1.Thepicturelooksbeautiful.这里的look是表状态特征的连系动词，它后面要求跟形容词或名词构成系表结构，其主动形式表被动含义。感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain,turnout,smell等。误：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful2.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,dry,wash,cook,wear等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。SomesilkswashwellThenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。Thepoemreadsfluently./对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主动句)Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.(被动句)四．下列情况主动句不能改为被动句第一，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,comeabout,breakout,belongto,addupto,comeintobeing,cometrue,turnout等。Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.误：GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina.第二，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lieWhenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.（四）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示据说……Itissaid/thoughtthat…据报导……Itisreportedthat…据推测……Itissupposedthat…希望……Itishopedthat…众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…普遍认为……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…有人建议……Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.3)ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.