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Apublic-privatepartnershiptoreducerisktoutilityandtransportationsystemsfromnaturalhazards Apublic-privatepartnershiptoreducerisktoutilityandtransportationsystemsfromnaturalhazards ThisreportwaswrittenundercontracttotheAmericanLifelinesAlliance,apublic-privatepartnershipbetweentheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency(FEMA)andtheAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers(ASCE).Thisreportwasreviewedbyateamrepresentingpracticingengineersandacademics.GuidelinesfortheDesignofBuriedSteelPipeJuly2001iAcknowledgmentsThefollowingpeople(withtheiraffiliations)contributedtothisreport.G.A.Antaki,Co-chairmanWSRC,Aiken,SCJ.D.Hart,Co-chairmanSSD,Inc.,Reno,NVT.M.AdamsStevensonandAssociates,Cleveland,OHC.ChernBechtel,SanFrancisco,CAC.C.CostantinoCityCollegeofNewYork,NewYork,NYR.W.GailingSouthernCaliforniaGasCo.,LosAngeles,CAE.C.GoodlingParsonsEnergy&Chemicals,Reading,PAA.GuptaNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,Raleigh,NCR.HauptPressurePipingEngineering,FosterCity,CAA.P.MoserUtahStateUniversity,Logan,UTM.O’RourkeRensselaerPolytechnicInstitute,Troy,NYS.PetersonLakeheadPipeLineCo.,BayCity,MIM.RosenfeldKiefner&Associates,Worthington,OHJ.E.ThomasS/DEngineers,Pittsburgh,PAGuidelinesfortheDesignofBuriedSteelPipeJuly2001iiTableofContents1.0Introduction.........................................................................................................11.1ProjectObjective.........................................................................................11.2Cautions......................................................................................................21.3Notations.....................................................................................................32.0InternalPressure................................................................................................92.1SourcesofInternalPressure.......................................................................92.2Example......................................................................................................93.0VerticalEarthLoad...........................................................................................103.1AppliedLoad.............................................................................................103.2DeflectionandStressUnderSoilLoad......................................................113.3Example1.................................................................................................113.4Example2.................................................................................................113.5Example3.................................................................................................113.6Figure........................................................................................................124.0SurfaceLiveLoads...........................................................................................134.1AppliedLoads............................................................................................134.2OvalityandStress.....................................................................................154.2.1Ovality...........................................................................................154.2.2Through-WallBending...................................................................154.2.3CrushingofSideWalls..................................................................164.2.4RingBuckling................................................................................164.2.5Fatigue..........................................................................................174.3Example....................................................................................................174.4Figures......................................................................................................195.0SurfaceImpactLoads.......................................................................................215.1MaximumImpactLoad..............................................................................215.2PenetrationandPPV.................................................................................215.3Example....................................................................................................225.4Figure........................................................................................................236.0Buoyancy...........................................................................................................246.1AppliedLoad.............................................................................................246.2PipeStress................................................................................................246.3Example....................................................................................................256.4Figures