民主政制与半民主制度

159論壇2014159-169民主政制與半民主制度DemocraticandSemi-DemocraticInstitutionMingSing民主政制有三個特點119552002212Epstein,DavidL.,etal.“DemocraticTransitions,”AmericanJournalofPoliticalScience,50.3(2006):551-569.160文化研究Router:AJournalofCulturalStudies為何半民主制度導致政治不穩定？3為何香港是半民主制度？2020香港半民主政制衍生五大惡果，帶來社會不穩定風險第一，政府親疏有別，漠視公眾期望，加深政治兩極化20083JackA.GoldstoneandJayUlfelder,“HowtoConstructStableDemocracies,”TheWashingtonQuarterly,28:1,Winter2004-2005,pp.9-20.161,第二，政府過分倚重商界，延遲政策執行,162文化研究Router:AJournalofCulturalStudies07第三，政府乏選舉認受性，難以或較慢推出有利香港發展的重大政策第四，自回歸以來政府政策有強化官商勾結趨勢，更令市民難以接受03199720023%,16320042013第五，不民主政制偏幫上層利益，貧富懸殊不斷惡化19910.47620110.53720030808164文化研究Router:AJournalofCulturalStudies民主如何有利香港的經濟發展及管治？如何量度管治績效?(WGI)19902006(VoiceandAccountability)(PoliticalStabilityandAbsenceofViolence)(GovernmentEffectiveness)(RegulatoryQuality)(RuleofLaw)(ControlofCorruption)165跨國研究發現民主有助管治績效201241002725(FreedomHouse)662012201220121142153164175186197208219221023112412251326271704166文化研究Router:AJournalofCulturalStudies20071996200945「經濟成功」需要民主嗎？130199120056763201244,5676319912005705DanielStockemer(2014)“Regimetypeandgoodgovernanceinlowandhighincomestates:whatistheempiricallink?,”Democratization,21:1,118-136;Janda,Kenneth.“GovernanceinDemocraciesandNon-democracies,”Governance:IsItforEveryone?,EditedbyAnnMarigeBissessar,NewYork:NovaSciencePublishers(2012),pp.141-60.167196020072007(2.43%)(1.74%)1031984200762,000196020052.02%1.43%7401970「民主對經濟發展有好處」，明顯沒有說服力嗎？676319912005AdamPrzeworski1990199619962002471961086Halperin,Morton,JoeSiegle,andMichaelWeinstein.TheDemocracyAdvantage.Routledge,2010.7Norris,Pippa.MakingDemocraticGovernanceWork:HowRegimesShapeProsperity,Welfare,andPeace.CambridgeUniversityPress,2012.8Kurzman,Charles,ReginaWerum,andRossE.Burkhart(2002).Democracy’s168文化研究Router:AJournalofCulturalStudies2008DoucouliagosUlubasoglu(2008)(AmericanJournalofPoliticalScience)84,(AmericanEconomicReviewAmericanEconomicJournal)200620069為何民主制度有利經濟發展？1019752005112000EffectonEconomicGrowth:APooledTime-SeriesAnalysis,1951-1980,inStudiesinComparativeInternationalDevelopment,37(1),p.3-339Persson,Torsten&G.Tabellini,“Democracyanddevelopment:Thedevilinthedetails”,AmericanEconomicReview96,PapersandProceedings,319-324,2006;Persson,Torsten&G.Tabellini,“Democraticcapital:Thenexusofpoliticalandeconomicchange”,AmericanEconomicJournal:Macroeconomics1,88-126,2009(withG.Tabellini)10,11Norris,Pippa.DemocraticDeficit.CambridgeUniversityPress,2011.169(AmartynSen),