财务报表分析的外文文献

毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系别管理信息系专业财务管理班级姓名学号外文出处=like附件1.原文；2.译文2012年3月1.原文Financialstatementanalysis-theuseoffinancialaccountinginformation.Manyyears.Reasonableminimumcurrentratiowasconfirmedas2.00.Untilthemid-1960s,thetypicalenterprisewillflowratiocontrolat2.00orhigher.Sincethen,manycompaniesthecurrentratiobelow2.00now,manycompaniescannotcontrolthecurrentratioover2.00.Thisshowsthattheliquidityofmanycompaniesonthedecline.Intheanalysisofanenterprise'sliquidityratio,itisnecessarytoaveragecurrentratiowiththeindustrytocompare.Insomeindustries,thecurrentratiobelow2.0isconsiderednormal,butsomeindustrycurrentratiomustbebig2.00.Ingeneral,theshortertheoperatingcycle,thelowerthecurrentratio:thelongertheoperatingcycle,thehigherthecurrentratio.Thecurrentratiocomparedtothesameenterpriseindifferentperiods,andcomparedwiththeindustryaverage,willhelptodrytodeterminethehighorlowcurrentratio.Thiscomparisondoesnotexplainwhyorwhylow.Wecanfindoutthereasonsfromtheby-pointanalysisofthecurrentassetsandcurrentliabilities.Themainreasonfortheexceptionofthecurrentratioshouldbetofindouttheresultsofadetailedanalysisofaccountsreceivableandinventory.Flowratiobetterthanworkingcapitalperformanceofenterpriseshort-termsolvency.Workingcapitalreflectonlycurrentassetsandcurrentliabilities,theabsolutenumberofdifferences.Thecurrentratioisalsoconsideredtherelationshipbetweenthecurrentassetsizeandthesizeofthecurrentliabilities,maketheindicatorsmorecomparable.Forexample,thecurrentratiobetweenGeneralMotorsandChryslerMotorsCorporation.Thecomparisonbetweenthetwocompaniesworkingcapitalismeaningless,becausethetwocompaniesofdifferentsizes.InventoryusingLIFOFrancewillflowratiocauseproblems,thisisbecausethestockisundervalued.Theresultwillbetounderestimatethecurrentratio.Therefore,whencomparedtousingtheLIFOmethodbusinessesandothercostsoftheenterpriseshouldpayparticularattentiontothis.Comparethecurrentratio,analystsshouldcalculatetheaccountsreceivableturnoverrateandcommodityinventoryturnover.ThiscalculationenablestheanalysisofproposedliquidityproblemsexistinshouldReceivedtheviewsoftheaccountsand(or)Inventories.Viewsoropinionsonthecurrentratioofaccountsreceivableandthedepositwillaffecttheanalyst.IfthereceivablesIreceivableandliquidityproblems,requirecurrentratiohigher.Third,theacidtestratio(quickratio)Thecurrentratioistheevaluationoftheliquidityconditionsinthecurrentassetsandcurrentliabilities.Often,peopleexpecttogetmoreimmediatethanthecurrentratioreflectthesituation.Theacidtestratio(liquidrate)ontherelationshipofcurrentassetstocurrentliabilities.Tocalculatetheacidtest(quick)ratio.Fromthecurrentassetsexcludinginventorypart.Thisisbecauseoftheslowflowofinventory,theinventorymaybeobsoleteinventorymayalsobeusedasaspecificcreditor'ssecurity.Forexample,thewinery'sproductstoTibetforalongperiodoftimebeforesold.Ifyoucalculatetheacidtest(liquid)toincludingwineobstructinventorywilloverestimatetheenterprisemobility.Inventoryvaluation,becausethecostdatamayberelatedtothecurrentpriceleveldifference...SectionVIanalyticalscreeningproceduresAuditingStandardsDescriptionNo.23.Analyticalscreeningprocedures,providesguidancefortheuseofthisprocedureintheaudit.Analyticalinspectionprogramgoalistoidentifysignificantchangesfromthebusinessstatisticsandunusualitems.Analyticalscreeningproceduresduringtheauditcanrunadifferentnumberoftimes,includingtheplanningphase,theauditoftheimplementationphaseandthecompletionoftheauditstage.Analyticalinspectionprocedurescanleadtoaspecialauditprocedures,suchas:Transversethesametypeofanalysisoftheincomestatementshowsanitem,suchascostofsalesduringthatperiodabnormal.Thiswillleadtoacarefulreviewoftheprojectcostofsales.Theincomestatementverticalthesametypeofanalysisbycomparisonwiththeprevioussaddle,canbefoundalreadyforsaletotheharmoniousproportionsoftheamountofcommoditycostsandsalesrevenue.Accountsreceivableturnoverratioandindustrydatacomparisonmayshowthetypicalspeedoftheaccountsreceivableturnoverrateisfarbelowtheindustry.Thisshowsthatacarefulanalysisoftheresponsetoaccountsreceivable.4anddebtcomparedtocashflowhassignificantlydecreasedabilitytorepaythedebtwithinternallygeneratedcashflowisessentiallydropped.5aldehydetestratiodecreasedsignificantly,indicatingthattheabilitytorepaycurrentliabilitieswithcurrentassetsotherthaninventoryoutsideisessentiallydroppedWhentheauditorsfoundthatthereportoranimportanttrendthanthestring,thenextprocedureshouldbecarriedouttodeterminewhythistrend.Thisstudy(survey)canoftenleadtoimportantdiscoveries.......SectionVIanalyticalscreeningproceduresAuditingStandardsDescriptionNo.23.Analyticalscreeningprocedures,providesguidancefortheuseofthisprocedureintheaudit.Analyticalinspectionprogramgoalistoidentifysignificantchangesfromthebusinessstatisticsandunusualitems.Analyticalscreeningproceduresduringtheauditcanrunadifferentnumberoftimes,includingtheplanningphase,theauditoftheimplementationphaseandthecompletionoftheauditstage.Analyticalinspectionprocedurescanleadtoaspecialauditprocedures,suchas:Transverseth