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现在完成时【概念引入】欣赏含有现在完成时的名言：Lifehastaughtmetothink,butthinkinghasnottaughtmetolive.生活教会了我思考，但思考却没有教会我生活。Wintermustbecoldforthosewithnowarmmemories.Wehavealreadymissedthespring.对于那些没有温馨回忆的人们来说，冬天一定很冷。我们已经错过春天了。Naturehasgivenustheseedsofknowledge,butnotknowledgeitself.在自然赋予我们知识的种子，而非知识本身。现在完成时的构成：现在完成时是：助动词have（has）+过去分词构成的。Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我已经完成了作业。现在完成时的否定句：是在助动词have(has)的后面加not构成。Ihaven’tseenthefilmsofar.到目前为止，我还没有看那部电影。现在完成时的一般疑问句：是把助动词have(has)提到句子主语的前面。Haveyouseenthefilmyet?你看过那部电影了吗？【用法讲解】一、现在完成时的定义及用法（1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）Haveyoureadthatstory？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。）在学习这一概念的同时，还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.我已经做完家庭作业了。Hehasjusthadhismeal.他刚吃过饭。HaveyoueversungthisEnglishsong？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？Theyhaven’tstartedyet．他们还没有动身。Wehaveneverheardofit．我们从来没有听说过这件事。二、现在完成时的定义及用法（2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。这时往往与表示一段的时间状语连用。Ihavebeenhereforjustovertwoyears.我到这里才两年多。Hehasworkedheresince1989.从1989年，他就在这里工作。1）因为表示的是持续的动作或状态，所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词：be,stay,study,wait,keep,have等。2）使用的时间状语通常由for或since引导，但二者后接的词有所不同：for后常跟一个时间段，指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间。如：forthreeyears,forhalfanhour等。since作介词，后面可以接一个时间点，如since1980，也可以接“一段时间+ago”,如:sincethreeyearsago,sincetwomonthsago等。since还可用作连词，引导一个过去时态的时间状语从句。如：Wehaveknowneachothersincewewenttocollege.自从我们上大学我们就彼此认识了。3）非延续性动词不能直接和for或since连用，但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动词短语来替换这些非延续性动词。如:come→be,cometo→bein/at,goout→beout,leave→beaway,begin→beon,stop→beover，buy→have,borrow→keep,open→beopen,close→beclosed,join→beamemberof,die→bedead,catchacold→haveacold,gettoknow→know,becomeateacher→beateacher,fallasleep→beasleep,fallill→beill等。三、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别及联系：1）都表示过去发生的事；2）现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；3）一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last,ago,yesterday,etc.）。Hehadhisbreakfastat6:00.（一般过去时）他六点钟吃的早饭。Hehashadhisbreakfast.（现在完成时）他吃过早饭了。四、havegoneto，havebeento与havebeenin的用法比较have/hasgoneto:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；have/hasbeento:曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语;have/hasbeenin:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。TheyhavegonetoEngland,andtheywillgobacknextweek.他们去英国了，下周回来。Mr.GreenhasbeeninChinaformanyyears.格林先生在中国呆过好多年了。MissBrownhasbeentoJapantwice.布朗小姐到日本去过两次。五、重点句型:Itis/hasbeen+段时间+since从句段时间+haspassed+since从句举例：他死了两年了。（可用多种句式表达）Hediedtwoyearsago.Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears/sincetwoyearsagoItis/hasbeentwoyearssincehedied.Twoyearshaspassedsincehedied.[Exercises1]选择填空()1.IEnghishinthisschoolsince1999(A)taught(B)havetaught(C)tea(D)wouldteach()2.Lileithepenforfiveyears(A)hashad(B)bought(C)havehad(D)havebought()3.Katehergrandmother'sphotobefore(A)haven'tseen(B)haveseen(C)see(D)hasn'tseenExercises2]选择填空()1.—Haveyoufinishedyourwork?—.(A).Yes,Ihave.(B)Yes,Ido.(C)Yes,Iam.(D)Yes,Idid.()2.—HassheeverlearnedEnglish?—(A)Yes,shehas.(B)Yes,shedoes.(C)No,shedoesn’t(D)No,shehas()3.Hefinishedhishomework.yet(A)doesn’t(B)haven’t(C)hasn’t(D)doesn’thave[Exercises3]选择填空()1.—Haveyoutravelledonthetrain.—Yes,Ihave.(A)never(B)ever(C)just(D)yet()2.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework——Not.(A)ever(B)already(C)yet(D)just()3.Wehaven'tfinishedourhomework.(A)already(B)ever(C)yet(D)never()4.—HaveyoulearnedEnglish?—Yes,I'velearnedalot.(A)never,ever(B)ever,never(C)ever,already(D)already.ever[Exercises4]A）用since和for填空1)______twoyears2)_______twoyearsago3)_______lastmonth4)______19995)_______yesterday6)_______4o’clock7)______4hours8)_______anhourago9)_______wewerechildren10)_____lunchtime11)______shelefthereB）用since和for填空1.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.2.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.5.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.[Exercises5]A）用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。A:Where____________LiFei___________?B:He____________toHainanIsland.A:Howlong___________he___________there?B:He_____________thereforthreedays.A:Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?B:I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.A:CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?B:Sorry,I_________never___________there.A:Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?B:He_____________thereonlyonce.B）用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto的各种形式填空。1)WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.2)David________theparkjustnow.3)John_______Englandsincehecameback.4)Howlong_____have_____thisvillage?5)TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.6)_____youever____America?--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.7)I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJim?He_____thefarm.[Exercises6]选择填空()1.—Haveyoufinshedyourhomework—Yes,Iitlastnight(A)finish(B)finished(C)havefinished(D)willfinish()2.—youevertoNanjing—Yes,Itherelastyear.(A)Have…gone,havegone(B)Have…been,went(C)Did…go,went(D)Did…go,has,been()3.—WhenyouLucyinNewYork?—Iherefortwoyears(A)did…meet,haven'tseen(B)did…meet,haven'tseen(C)did…meet,don'tsee(D)would…meet,hadn'tseen()4.-when_youtoBeijing?Howlongyouhere?(A)have…come,have…been(B)did…come,have…been(C)did…come,did…go(D)did…come,have…gone[Exercises7]A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.