英语写作Ⅱ-argumentative-essays

ArgumentativeEssaysUnitFiveObjectivesAfterStudyingtheunit,thestudentsshouldbeableto:writeanargumentativeessay;Masterlogicalandclearreasoningwhichisthemostimportantqualityforanysuccessfulargument.ArgumentativeEssayⅠDefinitionAnargumentativeorpersuasiveessaystatesastrongpersonalopinionforthepurposeofinfluencingitsreaders.Changereader’smind;Influencetheirdecision;WintheirsupportTitleofArgumentation2011年专四作文真题：Shouldprivatecarownersbetaxedforpollution?（私家车是否应该交污染税?）2010年专四作文真题:ShouldCollegeStudentsHireCleaners?(大学生是否应该雇佣清洁工?)2009年专四作文真题：WillTourismBringHarmtotheEnvironment?（旅游是否会危害环境？）2007年专四作文真题：IsItWisetoMakeFriendsOnline?2004年专四作文真题：WillPhonesKillLetterWriting?2006年专四作文真题：SavingMoneyisaGoodHabit2001年专四作文真题：TravelBroadenstheMindArgumentativeEssayⅡTheDifferencebetweenArgumentationandExposition1.purposeexposition---toinform;makesthknowntoreadersargumentation---toconvince;trytomakethereadersagreewithitspointofviewandsupportitArgumentativeEssay2.Theauthorofargumentativeessayassumesthepositionofadebater.Theyusuallyhaveanopponent,sometimesopenandsometimesimplied.Andtheyusuallyemphasizetheiropinionusingsuchexpressionas“believe”,“should”etc.ⅢHowtoWriteanArgumentativeEssaysyllogismArgumentationIntroductionBodyConclusionArgumentation--introduction1.Introductionleadinthetopicbybackgroundinformation;thenstatethesisstatementThesisstatement1).Writersmakeaclearstandinit.2).Argumentativethesisstatementisnotafactbutadebatablestatement.3).Characteristicsofdebatablethesisa:Itshouldtakeastand.b:Itshouldbeastatementwithwhichothersmayormaynotagree.c:ItshouldattempttoconvincereadersArgumentation:thesisExaminesamplesonp86Doexercisesonp86Argumentation—body2.Body◆toprovidesupportforthesisstatementbecauseothersmayormaynotagreewithit.◆convincereadersbyreasonsorexamples◆provewhyyourideaisacceptableArgumentation—body1).Manymethodstosupportthesiscomparison\contrast;causeandeffect;classification;definition;examples;facts;Argumentation--body2).(sub-)topicsentence;transitionalwordsorphrasesTheyarehelpfulinorganizingtheessaycoherently.Thesisstatement:a“pollutiontax”shouldbeputonprivatecarsinordertocontrolthenumberofcarsandreducepollutioninthecityTopicsentence1:Tobeginwith,carscontributetotheenvironmentalpollutionTopicsentence2:Secondly,itisagoodwaytoraisepeople’senvironmentalawarenessbyputtingapollutiontaxonprivatecars.Argumentation---body3).Examinethesampleonp87-884).Dotheexerciseonp88-89.Argumentation--conclusion3.Conclusion◆emphasizethemainpointandhaveastrongimpact;◆don’tpresentanynewargumentinconclusion;◆convincereadersthattheessayhascoveredallthemostimportantargumentsabouttheissue.在具体写作中要注意下列几点：1.议题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水，啰啰唆唆2.作者的观点必须鲜明，不能模棱两可3.论证自己的观点是议论文的最关键的部分。论证手段与英语说明文中的一些写作手法相同，常用的有罗列法、举例法、因果法、比较法等等。RequirementsⅣTowriteagoodargumentation,studentsshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:1)Adebatablepoint—sthwhichcanbeviewedfrommorethanoneangleandopentodispute.Requirements◆Thefollowingarenotgood.a:statementsoffactsb:statementsofpersonalpreferenceeg:Weak:BaJinismyfavoriteauthor.Improved:BaJinisthegreatestChinesewriterofthe20thcentury.Requirements2)Sufficientevidence◆commonknowledge;◆specificexamples;◆hard,notsoft,evidenceorfacts,notopinions,unlesstheopinionsareauthoritative;◆quotationsfromauthoritiesRequirements3)GoodandClearlogic◆fromtheleasttothemostimportantfromthemostfamiliartotheleastfamiliarfromtheeasiesttoaccepttothemostdifficultRequirements4)Gooduseofotherthreetypesofwriting---description,narration,andespeciallythevariousmethodsofexposition.Requirements5)AnhonestandfriendlyattitudeToargueisnotaquarrel.◆Anhonestandfriendlyattitudewillhelpwinthetrustofyourreaders.Usefulstructures1.Tomaketheoppositepositionappeardebatableanduntrue;2.Togiveafurtheropposingpositionandmakeitappeardebatableandpossiblyuntrue;3.Selectasupportingargumentfromanauthoritativepublishedsource;4.Developtheargumentsthatsupportthemainidea.2011年专四作文真题：Shouldprivatecarownersbetaxedforpollution?Direction：Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic:Shouldprivatecarownersbetaxedforpollution?Youaretowriteinthreeparts:Inthefirstpart,stateclearlywhatyourviewis.Inthesecondpart,supportyourviewwithappropriatereasons.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.写作指南：这是典型的立场观点选择题型。要求考生确立自己的观点，然后进行论证。历年类似考题：2010ShouldCollegeStudentsHireCleaners?2009WillTourismBringHarmtotheEnvironment?2007IsItWisetoMakeFriendsOnline?2004WillPhonesKillLetterWriting?1994TV:aGoodThingoraBadThing?FOR:(shouldbe)Privatecarspollutetheenvironmentandharmourhealth.Numberofprivatecarswillreduce.Trafficjamsmaybealleviated.Governmentcanusethetaxtodealwiththepollutionproblem.Thepolicywillincreasetheusageofnew-energyvehiclesindirectly.Against:(shouldn’tbe)Privatecarisnottheonlyfactorofpollution.Thepresentpublictransportationsystemisnotperfect.Taxwillmakepollutionreasonable.本文要求学生就“私家车是否应该交污染税”这一话题发表自己的意见。第一部分：分析现状：私家车越来越多，环境污染日益严重，“污