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1模块三Unit1语法讲解和训练名词性从句2011/2/21一、概述在句子中起名词作用的从句称为名词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。二、名词性从句的引导词1、连接代词：who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever等2、连接副词：when,where,why,how等3、从属连词:that,whether,if,asif,because(asif,because只引导表语从句)连接代词和连接副词在句中不再是疑问词，因而从句中用陈述语序。三、用法详解（一）主语从句1、主语从句用连接代词、连接副词和从属连词that,whether引导。that不可省略。Thatyoudon’tlikehimhasnothingtodowithme.WhetherJohncandotheexperimentremainsaquestion.Whowillbesentabroadtofurtherhisstudiesisnotannounced.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittlegirlcanplaytheviolinsowell.2、当主语过长时，常常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语从句放在主句后面。常用句型有：1)It+be+形容词（true,possible,certain,likely,surprising,strange,important…）+that从句It’scertainthatshewilldowellintheexam.It’slikelythathewilltellmeeverythingaboutthatnight.2)It+be+名词词组（nowonder,anhonor,apity,hightime等）+that从句It’sapitythathecan’tcome.It’shightimethatyouturnedinyourhomework.3)It+be+过去分词（said,reported,expected,supposed等）+that从句It’ssaidthatheisquiteself-confident.It’sreportedthataletterfromtheuniversityhasreachedhim.4)It+seem/happen/lookasif等+that从句tItseemsthatAliceisnotcoming.IthappenedthatIwasawitnesstotheaccident.5)It+doesn’tmatter(makenodifference)+wh-Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouknowmynameornot.Itmakesnodifferencetomewhereweshallhavethemeeting.（二）宾语从句1、宾语从句用连接代词、连接副词和从属连词that,whether,if引导。可做及物动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语或形容词的宾语。这些形容词都是表示思想状况或感情色彩的形容词，如certain,sure,positive,afraid,convinced,anxious,disappointed,worried,glad,happy,sorry,amazed,surprised,aware,doubtful,confident等等。如：Theypromised(us)thattheywouldrespectourprivacy.Doyouknowwhether/ifanydecisionhasbeenarrivedat?Scientistsdemandtoknowwhenandwheretheyarewrong.Iamafraidthattheirteamwillwinthematch.Heremainsconfidentthathewillwin.他仍然自信他会赢Wewereratherdisappointedthatyouwerenotabletocomeyesterday.2、在make,find,see,consider等后+it作形式宾语，如：2Weconsideritnecessarythatweshouldfinishourhomeworkintime.Hehasmadeitclearthathewon’tagreetotheplan.Peopleinancienttimestookitforgrantedthattheearthwasflat.3、介词后面的宾语从句一般不能由that直接引导,只有在except,in等少数词后，而且that不可省略。Hiscompositionisverygoodexceptthattherearesomespellingmistakes.Hediffersfromhisclassmatesinthathedevoteshissparetimetoreading.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.Hewouldhavehelpedusbutthathewasshortofmoneyatthetime.要不是他当时手头紧，他会帮助我们的。4、其他一些词后常要用it先行一步再接宾语从句：dependonitthat…seetoitthat…appreciateitthat…hate/like/dislikeitwhen…Youcandependonitthattheywillsupportyou.Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.Pleaseseetoitthatthedoorarelocked.5、doubt一词肯定句中用whether/if引导宾语从句，在疑问句和否定句中只能用that引导。Idoubtwhetherreallyunderstandme.Idon’tdoubtthathewillcomeontime.Doyoudoubtthathewillcomeontime?6、宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略。Theboythinks,infact,thatsmokingisbadforhishealth.（B）在非正式文体中，由that引导的宾语分句中，从属连词that常省略，但是如果有两个that分句同时作句子的宾语时，第二个that通常不能省略，以免引起歧义。Iunderstand(that)youhavestudiedChinese,andthatyouhavewrittenChinesepoetry.Shedenied(that)shehadseenthemenandthatshehadbeenintouchwithhim.（三）表语从句1、表语从句用连接代词、连接副词和从属连词that,whether,asif,because引导。引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。ThetroubleisthatIhavelostthedocument.Thatiswhereshewasborn.Myangerisbecauseheoftentelllies.Itlooksasifwewillbelate.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.2、注意点：(1)Suggestion,decision,advice,idea,proposal,order,demand等作主语的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟should+动词原形。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgivehimanotherchance.HerrequirementisthatsheshouldbesenttoTibettowork.(2)主句主语是reason时,表语从句只能用that引导，不能用because。句子结构为：Thereasonwhy…isthat…Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathemissedthebus.◆◆◆◆但如果it/this/that等作主语时，可用because引导表语从句：It/This/Thatisbecause…Thatwasbecausehehadbeenill.3（四）同位语从句1、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。这些名词有：fact,news,message,doubt,possibility,idea,reason,belief,suggestion等。ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomanypeople..Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.2、分隔现象：同位语从句有时与从句分开。如：Mysuggestionhasbeentakenthatweshouldcollectmoneyforthepoorgirl.Anideaoccurredtohimthathemightgotherebyair.3、同位语从句和定于从句的区别：①同位语从句是队前面的名词补充说明；定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰限定作用。②同位语从句中的that只起连接作用，不担任句子成分，不可以省略；定语从句中的that除了起引导作用外还在定于从句中担任主语或宾语或表语，任宾语时可以省略。区别：Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavysnowiscoming.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.四、注意点1、whether和if的区别（1）在宾语从句中可互换，但当宾语从句是否定时只用if。HeaskedmeifIhadn’tfinishedmyhomework.（2）在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether。（3）当与ornot联用时只能用whether。（4）在动词不定式前面只能用whether。如：Theyhaven’tdecidedwhethertogo.（5）在介词后只能用whether。如：Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.高考名词性从句试题一、主语从句1._____________youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.(1992)A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2._____________isafactthatEnglishisaccep