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苏氨酸在最有效性成本配方中的作用BeneficialRoleofThrinCost-EffectiveFormulationYongJ.Cai,Ph.D.DirectorofAnimalNutrition-AsiaADMSpecialtyFeedIngredientsDivisionHongKong今日要点•认识最有效性营养配方的生产效益-为什么饲料中要考虑添加苏氨酸？-如何在日粮中添加好苏氨酸而不那么增加成本？Recongnizeprofitsinthemostcost-effectiveformulation-Whythreonineneedsinanimalfeeds?-HowtooptimizedietaryThrlevelswithminimumcost如何認識“降低飼料成本”•減少配方成本least-cost-傳統上的考慮（只选用便宜原料）-新方法的實踐（多搭配各种低价原料）•强化飼料效益mostcost-effective-最新趨勢（省资源且环保）-革新化賞識（最有效性营养配方）0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.00.01.02.03.04.05.06.0NitrogenRetention,g·kg-1BW.75·d-1ApparentDigestibleNIntake,g·kg-1BW.75·d-1Figure2.EstimationoftheamountofapparentdigestibleNintake(R,g·kg-1BW.75·d-1)neededtomaximizeNretention(L,g·kg-1BW.75·d-1)andtherelativeefficiency(U,V)ofutilizationofdigestibleNforbodyNaccretionatdigestibleNintakesbelowandaboveR,respectively.n=190observations.RLUV(IowaStateUniv2001)豬飼料蛋白水平對氮排泄的影響23.622.622.08.68.68.329.323.216.201020304050607016.514.512.5蛋白質沉積糞N尿N(Canhetal.1998)食物蛋白水平(%)氮吸收(g/d)61.554.446.5氮排泄(g/d)37.931.824.5氮利用率(%)384247Figure1.Relationshipbetweenincreasingproteinintakeofconstantaminoacidcompositionandproteindepositioninthecarcassofpigsbetween20and45kgliveweight.Thesamefeedswerefedatthreefixedlevelsoffeeding,low,moderateandhigh.DatafromCampbelletal1985.020406080100120050100150200250300350400Proteinintake(g/day)Proteindepositioninevisceratedcarcass(g/day)LowfeedModeratefeedHighfeed(Miller2002)48Energy-ProteinRatioProteinDeposition,g/dayEnergyintake,Mcal/kg0.70%Lys0.90%Lys101520253020406080100120140Guelph,2000THENATUREOFWHAT’STOCOME常用饲料原料中的苏氨酸含量00.511.522.53SPC鱼粉CGM豆粕48豆粕44肉骨粉菜粕棉粕米糠次粉小麦玉米(選自AmiPig2000)常用飼料原料中四种限制性氨基酸的表觀消化率原料Thr蘇Lys賴Met蛋Trp色魚粉豆粕血粉肉骨粉葵花粕次粉玉米菜子粕麩皮米糠90.586.084.079.478.774.674.072.463.161.992.890.586.082.679.779.269.873.367.070.592.591.684.384.790.385.287.486.075.574.591.889.790.675.782.380.865.476.672.867.2(選自AmiPig2000)生長豬的最适氨基酸需求模式氨基酸日維持*(mg/kg)合成体蛋白(mg/g)粗蛋白水平的%占賴氨酸的%賴氨酸蘇氨酸色氨酸蛋+胱氨酸异亮氨酸亮氨酸頡氨酸苯丙+酪氨酸組氨酸3653114916232037-68.146.912.135.843.078.052.584.2-6.54.21.23.63.97.24.97.82.5100651855601117512039*日維持需要量表達為每公斤代謝体重.(根据Fuller1989).乳免疫蛋白的氨基酸組成氨基酸初乳免疫蛋白乳免疫蛋白蘇氨酸賴氨酸精氨酸胱氨酸异亮氨酸組氨酸蛋氨酸10.36.25.13.13.11.81.110.66.34.83.23.01.90.9(Bowland1966)苏氨酸缺乏对仔猪肠功能的影响ImpactsofThrDeficiencyinNeonatePig’sGutFunctions苏氨酸处理Thrtreatment水平日飼量,g/kg方式适当0.6口服缺乏0.1口服适当0.6静脉注射肠粘膜重Mucosalwt.g十二指肠后空肠回肠结肠粘蛋白Mucinsprod,ug/cm十二指肠(P0.05)腹泻状况Diarrhea均日评分腹泻猪头数腹泻天数均严重指数1.10a19.37b6.413.59a59.60.05a1/621.50a0.62b11.52b4.531.78b11.01.636/6352.82b0.91ab17.61ab5.993.24a46.60.20b2/692.21b(Overend2004)AminoAcidsProtectNaturalResources:MoreGrains,LessSoybeanMeal多谷物少豆粕2.602.602.650.380.420.48(Hagemannetal.1999)育肥猪,27-110kg食物蛋白High中MedLow谷物类%768287大豆%151310添加氨基酸o+++Kg饲料/kg体重Kg蛋白/kg体重日粮粗蛋白水平對仔豬腹瀉的影響Eggumetal.,1985粗蛋白(%)腹瀉(%)Eggumetal.,1987粗蛋白(%)腹瀉(%)Bolduanetal.,1993粗蛋白(%)腹瀉(%)LeBellego&Noblet,2002粗蛋白(%)腹瀉(%)25.417.026.614.020.23.222.418.122.516.023.13.018.42.420.418.019.211.019.54.016.30.818.44.615.87.016.911.0高瘦肉型豬的生長受日糧賴氨酸水平變化的影響DietaryLys(%)Performance0.600.901.201.501.80ADFI,gADG,gF/G7572183.588484261.997895081.538125491.467267301.36*閹公豬在好的環境條件下體重增長(5-25kg)(Stahly2002)例：SPC饲喂乳猪用饲料配方(mid-level)原料名称原料价格对照组试验一组试验二组玉米104056.0657.5460.81大豆粕218026.9026.9024.07SPC7000--5.097.00乳清粉43005.002.50--进口鱼粉55005.00----大豆油70002.252.061.91柠檬酸80001.501.501.50石粉1201.201.181.17ADM乳猪1%预混料200001.001.001.00磷酸氢钙15000.981.972.10食盐300--0.120.28香味剂200000.100.100.10L-赖氨酸盐酸盐16500----0.01L-苏氨酸280000.010.030.04DL-蛋氨酸26500--0.010.01TOTAL（%）100.00100.00100.00配方成本（元/吨）2177.082175.632177.50(穆淑琴等，2004)肉雞飼料按可消化氨基酸水平配方所帶來的經濟效益比較項目ComparisonFormulationCP粗蛋白methodIP理想蛋白Wt,kg/chickFeedintake,kg/chick2.2344.4952.2744.241FCR,F/GCost成本Feed飼料,US$/吨Gain增重,$/kg雞2.012196.80.3961.865198.70.370(Baker&Han1994)Totaldifference$474=10,937x(0.396x2.234-0.370x2.274)肉中雞料按可消化氨基酸水平配方的好處Ingredient_原料_________單价(Peso/kg)FormulationTotal總的配方法Dig可消化Corn玉米Ricebran米糠MBM肉骨粉Feathermeal羽毛粉SBM48豆粕Cottonseedmeal棉粕Palmkernelm.棕櫚粕Canolameal油菜粕Coprameal椰子粕CoconutoilLimestoneMDCPSaltSodiumbicarbonateDL-MethionineL-ThreonineVit/Min.TOTAL(Peso/ton)8.65.813.812.5127372.6121.617.52.911135190-471.33030202603030303037176.61.821.3-31000(9389)251.680-3027460606060832112.11.9210.431000(8947)日粮蘇氨酸水平對仔豬生長表現的影響Lewis&Peo,1986Thr:LysADFIADGFCRGatel&Feteke,1989aThr:LysADFIADGFCRGatel&Feteke,1989bThr:LysADFIADGFCRAdeolaetal,1994Thr:LysADFIADGFCRSchutteetal,1995Thr:LysADFIADGFCRUsry,1999Thr:LysADFIADGFCR(4-14kg)395112581.91(8-25kg)539205261.75(8-25kg)4610405671.84(10-20kg)389873372.93(10-20kg)546914531.53(11-23kg)547354541.62434892621.87599455321.715610706111.744510113532.86586744561.48587415171.43475222871.82689405521.706510706261.715210524372.41626764631.46637415221.42525022981.686810305951.745910724882.20656834711.45687575261.44584802831.706710804922.20696954781.46655223121.67737004761.47日粮苏氨酸水平对肉鸡(42-56d)生长表现的影响EffectsofDietaryThrLevelsonPerformanceinBroilers6065707580850.40.50.60.70.80.9DietaryThreonine%2.22.42.62.833.20.40.60.8DietaryThreonine%(Kiddetal.1999)ADG,gFCR日粮苏氨酸水平对肉鸡(7-21d)生长表现的影响EffectsofDietaryThrLevelsonPerformanceinBroilers(Burnha