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2006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina130thMay2006WholeLifeCostingintheUnitedKingdomMichaelByngFRICSAAIQSACIArbMPWIChairmanRICSQuantitySurveying&ConstructionFaculty30thMay20062006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina2英国的全生命成本计价麦克·彬英国皇家测量师协会工料测量及建筑部主席英国皇家测量师协会会员澳大利亚测量师协会会员英国注册仲裁协会会员英国铁路协会会员建筑成本管理国际研讨会中国深圳2006.0530thMay20062006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina3Whatiswholelifecyclecosting?什么是全生命成本计价计价?•“….atooltoassistinassessingthecostperformanceofconstructionwork,aimedatfacilitatingchoiceswheretherearealternativemeansofachievingtheclient’sobjectivesandwherethosealternativesdiffer,notonlyintheirinitialcostbutalsointhesubsequentoperationalcosts”–DefinitionfromtheemergingISPStandard15686onservicelifeplanning“(全生命成本计价)是一个协助评估建筑工程成本表现的工具。旨在对达到业主目的的多种不同质的可选择手段提供一个便利比选的方法。其不仅考虑建设期的成本，而且要考虑建成投产后运营使用的成本。”-摘自《theemergingISPStandard15686onservicelifeplanning》30thMay20062006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina4Why-wholelifecyclecosting?(1)为什么要全生命成本计价?“Increasingly,clientsaretakingtheviewthatconstructionshouldbedesignedandcostedasatotalpackage,includingcostsinuseandfinaldecommissioning”–ConstructionTaskForceReport-“RethinkingConstruction”“越来越多地，业主接受这样的观念—建筑应该作为一个完整生命体，即包括使用期的成本和最后拆除的费用—去设计和核算成本。”-摘自《ConstructionTaskForceReport》之“建筑业的再思考”30thMay20062006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina5Why-wholelifecyclecosting?(2)为什么要全生命成本计价?•IntheUKandelsewhereintheEuropeanUnion,publicauthoritiesareturningtoPrivateFinanceInitiative(PFI)orPublicPrivatePartnership(PPP)routestodelivernewbuildingandinfrastructureprogrammesandassociatedservices.在英国和其它欧盟国家，政府正在转向采用民营资本先投入（PFI）或政府民营合作伙伴（PPP）的途径去提供新的公共建筑、基础设施和其它服务。•Elsewhereindevelopingcountries,wheretheseisinsufficientrevenuefromcurrenttaxation,governmentsseektomakeuseofPFIandPPPmethodstodeliverprojectsonadeferredpaymentbasis.在其它发展中国家，由于其当前的税务体制下的财政收入不足，政府寻求运用PFI和PPP的方式分期付款地去兴建项目。•Intheseareas,PFI/PPPtechniquesarebeingappliedtohealth,education,securityandroadandrailtransportationprogrammes.在这些地区，PFI和PPP策略被广泛运用于卫生、教育、安全、道路及铁路交通等发展计划。•Thekeyfactorsinmakingtheawardofthesecontractsaretheoperationalcostofrunningthefacilities,theconditionoftheassetonterminationandtheoperatingagreementand/orthecostofdecommissioningordisposal.应用PFI和PPP协议的关键因素是：设备运行成本、资产最终状况、操作协议、拆除和废物处置成本。30thMay20062006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina6Whatarethebenefitstoclients?什么是业主的好处?•WLCC全生命成本计价–Encouragesthebiddertoanalysetheclient’sbusinessneedsbythebidderwhocommunicatesthemtohisprojectteam.通过投标人与业主项目组的沟通,鼓励投标人分析业主的需求。–Evaluatesthealternativecostofownership(construction,purchaseorrenting)overthewholelifeoftheasset(s).对各种可选择的资产权属关系（兴建、购买或租赁），评估其全生命成本。–Optimisesthetotalcostofownershipbybalancinginitialcapitalandrunningcosts.通过比较初期投入资本和后期运行费用，对相应权属关系的总成本进行优化。–Analysestherisksandcostsoffunctionalperformanceduetofailureofmaintenance.分析由于维护不当引起的功能损失的风险和成本。–Promotesrealisticbudgetingforoperationmaintenanceandrepairs.为运行期的维护和修理提出切实可行的预算。–Encouragesdiscussionandrecordingofdecisionsaboutdurabilityofmaterialsandcomponentsattheoutsetoftheproject.-鼓励讨论并记录在项目开始时对材料和构件的耐久性所作的决定。–Providea“ValueforMoney”approachtoprojectsolutions.对项目的解决方案提供“经济合理性”评价–Providesdataonactualperformanceandoperationcomparedwithpredictionsasabenchmarkforfutureprojects.提供实际使用表现的数据与预期指标相对比,并以此数据作为未来项目发展的依据。30thMay20062006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina7Culturechangesrequiredtorealisethebenefits认识业主利益要求相应的文化改变•MakeWLCCpartoftheprocurementbrief.把全生命成本计价作为采办策略大纲的一部分。•Spendmoretimeearlierintheproject,withdesignersandconstructorstoreviewdataandagreeresults.在项目的早期，多花点时间与设计师和承建商分析数据和商量结果。•Ensurethattheresultsarepresentedwithanindicationofthesensitivityofvariables.确信这些结果表现了可变因素的敏感性指征。•Logdecisionsondurabilityareavailableforfeedbackoneventsduringoperation.耐久性的决定日志可供运行过程中回顾。•EnsurethatprocurementdecisionsarelinkedtoHealth&Safetyfileandtooperatingandmaintenancedocumentsathandoverfromtheacquisitiontotheuseandmaintenancestages.保证采办方式的确定从取得到使用直至维护阶段,都符合”健康与及安全守则”和竣工移交后的”运行与维护指引”。•Toconclude:–MakeWLCCasadecisionmakingtoolinprocurement。结论：以全生命成本计价作为采办方式决策的工具。30thMay20062006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina8WLCC–when?何时考虑全生命成本计价？•Tobeeffective,WLCCmustbeappliedattheallphasesofconstruction.–Duringtheinitialappraisalandthedecisiontopurchaseorlease.–Feasibilityassessmentofalternativeconstructionsolutions;theseincludereplaceand/ormaintenanceoverthelifeoftheasset.–Inoutlinedesign–Duringthechoiceofcomponentsindetaileddesign.–Inbidappraisal–Assessmentofproposedconstructionchangeorders.–Effectivenessofconstructiononoccupancyevaluation。为达到目的，全生命成本计价理论须运用于建设全过程的各个阶段：-在前期评估和决定购买或租赁时；-在选择建设方法的可行性评估时，包括资产整个生命期间的重置和/或维护；-在概念设计时；-在详细设计阶段选择设备部件时；-在评标时；-在评价建议的施工变更指令时；-在使用阶段评估建筑物的效应。30thMay20062006ConstructionCostManagementInternationalConferenceShenzhenChina9PhasesinConstructionlife建筑生命期的划分•BasedondraftISO15686–5根据草案ISO15686-5Acquisition获得UseandMaintenance使用及维护Disposal废物处理Renewala