中考介词专题讲解及练习

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介词I.介词是一种用来表示词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。II.介词归类大全一、表示地理位置的介词:(1)at,in,on,toat(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在……附近,旁边”in(1)表示在大地方;(2)表示“在…范围之内”。on表示毗邻,接壤to表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤例句:Hearrivedthestationatten.Heissittingthedesk.HearrivedShanghaiyesterday.JiangsuliestheeastofChina.RussialiesthenorthofChina.FujianisthesouthofJiangsuProvince.注意:表示“树上有……”时,in和on有区别。用on表示这个事物属于树的一部分,但是用in表示这个事物在树上,并不属于树的一部分。练习:Thereisanapplethetreeandabirdthetree.(2)above,over,on在……上above指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与below相对;over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。on表示某物体上面并与之接触。例句:Thebirdisflyingmyhead.Thereisabridgetheriver.Heputhiswatchthedesk.(3)below,under在……下面under表示在…正下方below表示在……下,不一定在正下方例句Thereisacatthetable.Pleasewriteyournametheline.二、表示时间的介词:(1)in,on,at在……时in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如:inthe20thcentury,inthe1950s,in1989,insummer,inJanuary,inthemorning,inthenight,inone’slife,inone’sthirties等。on表示具体某一天及某一天的早、中、晚。如:onMay1st,onMonday,onNewYear’sDay,onacoldnightinJanuary,onafinemorning,onSundayafternoon等。at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。如:at3:20,atthistimeofyear,atthebeginningof,attheendof…,attheageof…,atChristmas,atnight,atnoon,atthismoment等。注意:在last,next,this,that,some,every等词之前一律不用介词。如:Wemeeteveryday.练习:1.Timisgoingtogivehisfatherasurprise______Father'sDay.()A.inB.atC.onD.By2.Somepeopleareusedtogettinguplate______acoldmorning.()A.onB.inC.atD.of(2)in,after在……之后“in+一段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后;“after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后;“after+将来时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。例句:Mymotherwillcomebackinthreeorfourdays.Hearrivedafterfivemonths.Shewillappearafterfiveo’clockthisafternoon.练习:1.﹣Juniorhighschooldayswillbeover_______aweek.Howareyoufeeling?﹣I'mtryingtokeepmycoolbecausewe'vebeentogether________threeyears.()A.in;inB.for;inC.in;forD.for;for(3)from,since自从……from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。例句:Hestudiedthepianotheageofthree.Theyhavelivedhere1978.(4)after,behind在……之后after主要用于表示时间;behind主要用于表示位置。例句:Weshallleavelunch.Lucyishidinganoldhouse.三、表运动方向的介词:across,through通过,穿过across表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on有关;through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关。例句:Sheswamtheriver.Hewalkedtheforest.练习:1.﹣﹣﹣﹣Dad,canwewalk____theroadnow?﹣﹣﹣﹣No,we____.Wehavetowaituntilthelightturnsgreen.()A.across;needn'tB.across;mustn'tC.through;can'tD.through;mustn't四、表示“在……之间”的介词:between,amongbetween指在两个人或两个事物之间;among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。例句:ThereisafootballmatchClassOneandClassTwoontheplayground.Theteacherisstandingthestudents.五、表示其他意义的介词:(1)on,about关于on表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读;about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式。例句:Therewillbealectureeconomicsthisafternoon.Heiswritingabookcooking.Hetoldmealothislifeinthesummervocation.(2)by,with,in表示方法、手段、工具by以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;with表示用…工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段;in表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;例句:Hemakesalivingsellingnewspapers.Hebrokethewindowastone.TheforeignerspoketousEnglish.(3)except,besides除了except除……之外,不包括在内;besides除……之外,包括在内。例句:Mr.Wang,wewenttoseethefilm.(王先生没去)Mr.Wang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.(王先生也去了)练习:1.﹣﹣﹣Areyourteacherhard____allofyou?___Jerry,becauseheismuchyoungerthanothers.()A.with,ExceptB.on,ExceptC.in,BesidesD.on,Besides一、单项选择1.Whatdoyouknowaboutthecartoon?﹣﹣﹣Well,itbecameverypopularinwesterncountries________whenthecreatorofitwasonly_________.()A.in1990s,inhistwentiesB.inthe1990s,inhistwentiesC.inthe1990,inhistwentyD.in1990,inthetwenties2.﹣WhatcanIdoforyou?﹣IhopeIhaveanicehouse________abiggardenbehindit.()A.ofB.withC.byD.to3.The3﹣DfilmTheAngryBirdsopenedinChinesecinemas________May20,2016()A.onB.atC.inD.to4.Herbirthdayis______winter,themostbeautifulseasoninayear.()A.inB.atC.on5.I'dliketoholdournextmeeting____June23rd.IsthatOKforyou?()A.inB.atC.on6.Hurryup!Themoviewillbegin________10minutes.()A.overB.inC.forD.at7.Lookout!Lookatthetrafficlights____crossingtheroad.()A.beforeB.afterC.since8.﹣Thelibrarynearourschoolisn'topenintheevening,sowecangothereduringtheday.Noproblem,I'llgowithyoutomorrow.()A.dayafterdayB.inthedaytimeC.allthetime9.﹣﹣﹣Wouldyoupleaseprovideus____someinformationabouttheaccident?﹣﹣﹣Sure.Ithappened____themorningofJune5th.()A.to;onB.for;inC.with;inD.with;on10.I'mlookingafterTomtoday.He'sbeeninmyhouse______8:00thismorning.()A.atB.sinceC.forD.till11.StephenHawkinggotmorethan380,000followersintwohours______firstmessageonWeibo.()A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.until12.Manyyoungpeopleputmobilegames______anythingelse,thinkinglittleoftheirnormallives.()A.alongwithB.behindC.beforeD.infrontof13.YingqiBirdNestLibrary,thesmallestlibraryintheworld,wasopenedtothepublicinNanjing'sHuashuVillage________theWorldReadingDaythisyear.()A.onB.inC.atD.as14.Jimsitsbehindme,soIsit________him.()A.attheendofB.infrontofC.inthemiddleof15.Ioftengotothebookstore________QuanchengRoadalthoughit'scrowded.()A.onB.forC.fromD.between16.MrGreeniswriting________theblackboard.()A.inB.onC.at17.﹣Oh,mygod!I'veleftmykeysintheroom.I'llhavetogetin_____thewindow.﹣﹣It'sdangerous.You'dbetterwaitforyourmomtocomeback.()A.pastB.overC.acrossD.through18.It'ssocoldoutside.Remembertoclosethedoor________youwhenyouleave.()A.besideB.beforeC.withD.behind19.Youcanbuyalmosteverything________theInt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