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243Vo.l24No.320109JOURNALOFKAIFENGUNIVERSITYSep.2010:2010-04-09:(1960-),,,:英语中倍数的常用表达方式及翻译马丙玉(开封教育学院外语系,河南开封475004):英语倍数增减常出现在科技英语中汉英两种语言表达倍数增减的方式差异很大英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句型,都包括基础倍数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或净减n-1倍我们在理解和翻译英语倍数增减表达结构时,一定要清楚英汉之间的差异,切不可望文生义:英语;倍数;表达方式;翻译:H315.9:A:1008-343X(2010)03-0053-02,,1)Thisroomis3timeslargerthanthatone.2)Thisroomis3timesaslargeasthatone.3)Thisroomis3timesthesizeofthatone.,,[1],,[2]ABN(),AB()NA()BN,(一)A+be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级+as+B:Thisbedisthreetimesasbigasthatone.()Thistreeisthreetimesastallasthatone.()Hisfatheristwiceasoldashe.()AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.()Thisbigstoneisthreetimesasheavyasthatone.()Theplaneflewtentimesashighasthekite.()(二)A+be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than+B:TheYangtzeRiverisalmosttwicelongerthanthePearlRiver.()Thisropeistwicelongerthanthatone.()Thishallisfivetimesbiggerthanourclassroom.()Thecarrunstwicefasterthanthattruck.()Thisbookis3timeslongerthanthatone.()Ironisalmost3timesheavierthanaluminum.()(三)A+be+倍数+the+计量名词(如size,heigh,tweigh,tlength,width等)+of+B:Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimes53thesizeofthepreviousone.()Thisstreetisfourtimesthelengthofthatstree.t()Thishillisfourtimestheheightofthatsmallone.()Thisbookis3timesthelengthofthatone.()Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.49(48)Thisriveristhreetimesthedepthofthatone.()(四)increase(+to)+倍数,或increase+by+倍数,在这类句型中increase常被rise,grow,go/stepup,multiply等词所替代,表示增加到n倍(或增加n-1倍):Theproductionofsteelhasincreasedtothreetimessince1980.1980Thecoaloutputhasincreasedbyfivetimesasagainst2000.20004,n,,n,,(),,,(),,,n,,n-1,nn,,,,[3](一)A+be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级(ligh,tsmal,lslow,shor,tthin)+as+BThenewmachineistentimesaslightastheoldone.Thisbedisthreetimesassmallasthatone.(二)A+be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than+BThisbridgeis3timesshorterthanthatone.()Thiskindoffilmistwicethinnerthanordinarypaper.(三)当句子中有表示减少降低意义的词时,用decrease+倍数,或decrease+by+倍数,意为减少到1/n[或减少(n-1)/n]decrease常被reduce,shorten,go/slowdown等词替代:Thecottonoutputhasdecreasedby50%.50%Theautomaticassemblylinecanshortententimestheassemblyperiod.(90%),,(n-1),:,1(1/n),,n-1[(n-1)/n],:3timessmaller1/32/3;reduce(by)threetimes1/32/3,,,,,n,n-1,,:[1],[J].,2006.[2].[J].,2000.[3].[J].,1996.[]54