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Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AMessontheLadderofSuccessA)ThroughoutAmericanhistorytherehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutward:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies(大草原),drainthewetlandsandbuildnewcities.B)Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theUShadamildpanicattack.Whatwouldthisenergetic,enterprisingcountrybewithoutnewlandstoconquer?Somepeople,suchasTeddyRoosevelt,decidedtokeeponconquering(Cuba,thePhilippines,etc.),buteventually,inindustrialization,theUSfoundanewnarrativeofeconomicmobilityathome.Fromthe1890stothe1960s,peoplemovedfromfarmtocity,firstintheNorthandthenintheSouth.Infact,bythe1950s,therewasenoughprosperityandwhite-collarworkthatmanybegantomovetothesuburbs.Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson'smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.C)Forthelast20yearsfromtheendofthecoldwarthroughtwoburstbubblesinasingledecade-theUShasbeencastingaboutforitsnexteconomicnarrative.Andnowitisexperiencinganotherperiodofpanic,whichisbadnewsformuchoftheworkforcebutparticularlyforitsyoungestmembers.D)TheUShasalwaysbeenaremarkablymobilecountry,butnewdatafromtheCensusBureauindicatethatmobilityhasreacheditslowestlevelinrecordedhistory.Sure,somepeoplearestuckinhomesvaluedatlessthantheirmortgages(抵押贷款),butmanyyoungpeople-whodon'townhomesanddon'tyethavefamilies-arestayingput,too.Thissuggests,amongotherthings,thatpeoplearen'tpackingupforneweconomicopportunitiesthewaytheyusedto.Ratherthandividingthecountryintothe1percentersversus(与......相对)everyoneelse,thesplitinoureconomyisreallybetweentwootherclasses:themobileandimmobile.E)Partoftheproblemisthatthecountry'slargestindustriesareindecline.Inthepast,itwasperfectlyclearwhereyoungpeopleshouldgoforwork(Chicagointhe1870s,Detroitinthe1910s,Houstoninthe1970s)and,moreorless,whatthey'dbedoingwhentheygotthere(killingcattle,buildingcars,sellingoil).Andtheseindustrieswerelargeenoughtoofferjobstoeachclassofworker,fromunskilledlaborertomanagerorengineer.Today,thefewbrightspotsinoureconomyarerelativelysmall(thoughsomepromisefuturegrowth)anddecentralized.TherearegreatjobsinSiliconValley,inthebiotechresearchcapitalsofBostonandRaleigh-Durhamandinadvancedmanufacturingplantsalongthesouthernz-85corridor.Thesecompaniesrecruitalloverthecountryandtheglobeforworkerswithspecificabilities.(Youdon'tneedtobethenextMarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook.togetajobinoneofthemicrohubs(微中心),bytheway.ButyouwillalmostcertainlyneedatleastaB.A.incomputerscienceorayearortwoatatechnicalschool.)Thisnewer,selectjobmarketisnational,anditoffersmembersofthemobileclasscompetitivesalariesandhigherbargainingpower.F)Manymembersoftheimmobileclass,ontheotherhand,liveintheAmericaofthegloomyheadlines.Ifyouhavenospecializedskills,there'slittlereasontouproottoanotherstateandbethelastinlineforalow-payingjobatanewautoplantoragreen-energystartup.Thesurpriseinthecensus(普查)data,however,isthattheimmobileworkforceisnotlimitedtounskilledworkers.Infact,manyhaveacollegedegree.G)Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkerwithoutabachelor'sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-famousschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow.Tocompeteforjobsonanationallevel,theyshouldbearmedwiththeskillsthatemergingindustriesneed,whethertechnicalornot.H)Thosewithoutsuchspecializedskills-likepoetry,orevenhistory,majors-arealreadycompetingwiththeirneighborsforthesamesortsofsecond-rate,poorer-payinglocaljobslikelow-levelmanagementorbig-boxretailsales.Andwiththelow-skilledlabormarketatomizedintothousandsofmicroeconomics,immobileworkersarelessabletodemandbetterwagesorconditionsortoacquirevaluableskills.I)Sowhat,exactly,shouldtheambitiousyoungworkeroftodaybelearning?Unfortunately,it'shardtosay,sincetheUSdoesn'thaveoneclearnationalproject.Thereareplentyofemerging,smallerindustries,butwhichonesarethemostpromising?(Nanotechnology's(纳米技术)momentofremarkablegrowthseemstohavebeen5yearsintothefutureforsomethinglike20yearsnow.)It'snotclearexactlywhatskillsaremostneededoriftheywillevenbevaluableinadecade.J)Whatisclearisthatallsortsofgovernmentissues--education.health-insuranceportability,workerretraining-arenolongerjustbonusestoalreadyprosperouslivesbutexistentialrequirements.It'sinallofourintereststomakesurethatasmanypeopleaspossibleareablet