自考国际商务英语课件

InternationalBusinessEnglishLESSONONEInternationalBusinessBusinessKnowledgeInternationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries.(sometimesbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthesamecountryisalsoregardedasimportandexport,suchasbusinessbetweenHongKongandTaiwan)Majordifferencesbetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness:1.differencesinlegalsystem2.differencesincurrencies3.differencesinculturalbackground4.differencesinnaturalandeconomicconditionsmajortypesofinternationalbusiness1.trade:commoditytrade/visibletradeservicetrade/invisibletrade2.investment:FDI(foreigndirectinvestment)portfolioinvestment3.othertypes:licensingandfranchisingmanagementcontractandcontractmanufacturingturnkeyprojectandBOTBusinessKnowledgeCase假设美国的Anheuser-Busch公司（简称A-B）想把它的百威啤酒卖到加拿大，它有三种方式可以选择：1.在美国酿造，出口到加拿大2.在加拿大建立自己的生产子公司3.授权加拿大的一家啤酒厂，在加拿大酿造和销售百威啤酒1.-直接出口2.--对外直接投资3.-特许经营Tradeterm1.FDIismadeforreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedininahostcountry.2.GDP(grossdomesticproduct)measuresthemarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.3.BOT:Bstandsforbuild,OforoperateandTfortransfer.BOTisapopularvariantoftheturnkeyproject.ForaBOTproject,afirmoperateafacilityforaperiodoftimeafterbuildingitupbeforefinallytransferringittoaforeigncompany.4.patent5.copyrigh6.valuechain:thechainofactivitiesbywhichacompanybuysinmaterials,createsagoodorservice,marketsit,andprovidesservicesafterasaleismade.Eachstepcreatesmorevaluefortheconsumer.7.Franchising(TextP13Ex2/ReferenceP10,P15E1-4)Translation(R-P16)1.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。他们在法制体系、货币、文化和自然条件与经济条件方面都有所不同Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries.Itinvolvesmorefactorsandthusismorecomplicatedthandomesticbusiness.Theyarequitedifferentinlegalsystems,currency,culturalandnaturalandeconomicconditions.2.随着经济全球化的发展,无形贸易即使在发展中国家的国际贸易中所占的比例也逐渐增大Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,invisibletradeaccountsforanincreasingproportionoftheworldtradeeveninthedevelopingcountries.3.BOT是“交钥匙”工程的一种流行的变通形式BOTisapopularvariantoftheturnkeyprojectInternationalBusinessEnglishLESSONTWOIncomelevelandtheworldmarketBusinessKnowledgeGNPandGDParetwoimportantconceptsusedtoindicateacountry’stotalincome.GNP(grossnationalproduct)referstothemarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.(国民原则).GDPmeasuresthemarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy（国土原则）.Themajordifferencebetweenthemisthattheformerfocusesonownershipofthefactorsofproductionwhilethelatterconcentratesontheplacewhereproductiontakesplace;theformerstressestheincomegeneratedbyturningouttheproductswhilethelatter,thevalueoftheproductsthemselves.Andwecanusetheminterchangeable.PercapitaincomeandpercapitaGDPPercapitaincomeiscalculatedbydividingitsnationalincomebyitspopulation.percapitaGDPiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulation.PercapitaGDPrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers,whichisimportantwhenmarketingconsumerdurables.BusinessKnowledgeCountriesoftheworldaredividedbytheWorldBankintothreecategoriesofhigh-income,middle-incomeandlow-incomeeconomies.Standardsforclassification:High-incomecountriesrefertothosewithannualpercapitaincomeof$9386andabove,e.g.theUnitedStates.Middle-incomecountriesrefertothosewithannualpercapitaincomeofbelow$9386butabove$765,e.g.Greece.Low-incomecountriesrefertothosewithannualpercapitaincomeofonly$765orbelow,e.g.mostAfricancountriesPPP(purchasingpowerparity)购买力平价:paritybetweentwocurrenciesatarateofexchangethatwillgiveeachcurrencyexactlythesamepurchasingpowerinitsowneconomy.Representativecountires:•OECDstandsforOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.Anorganizationthatactsasameetinggroundfor30countrieswhichbelievestronglyinthefreemarketsystem.TheOECDprovidesaforumfordiscussingissuesandreachingagreements,someofwhicharelegallybinding.BusinessKnowledgeHighincomecountriesareimportanttotradeandinvestment:Becausehigh-incomecountriesoftenhavegoodinfrastructure,highpurchasingpower,advancedtechnology,efficientmanagement,andfavorableenvironmentfortradeandinvestment.Theyofferprimemarketsforexpensiveconsumergoodsandbothattractivesourcesanddestinationsofinvestment.Butlowerincomecountriesshouldnotbeneglectedininternationalbusinessactivities,becausetheyconstitutemarketsforlower-pricedstaplegoods,providecheaplaborandareoftenrichinresources.Whatismoreimportant,marketissomethingtobedeveloped.Oncetapped,thebusinesspotentialofthesecountrieswillonedaybecomerealbusinessopportunities.ThebestpolicyforChinatodevelopbusinessopportunitiesisthatweshouldpayparticularattentiontothemarketsaroundus:theFourTigers,theASEANcountries,Russia,IndiaandabitfartherawayAustralia,atthesametime,donotneglectothermarkets.Itisnotagoodideatotieone’sbusinesstoonlyafewmarketsBusinessKnowledgeTriadreferstothethreerichestregionsoftheworld,theUnitedStates,theEuropeanUnionandJapanthatofferthemostimportantbusinessopportunities.QuadextendsthescopeofTriadtoincludeCan