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畜牧兽医专业英语十篇课文翻译部门：xxx时间：xxx整理范文，仅供参考，可下载自行编辑畜牧兽医专业英语十篇课文翻译Lesson1skeletonTheskeletonisthebasicframeworkoftheanimal.Itgivesitshapeandsize.Theskeletoncarriesandsupportstheweightofthebody.Itprotectssomeorgansfromexternaldamage,e.g.ribsribsprotecttheheartandlungsandskullprotectstheallowtheanimaltomove.Thebonescontainreservesofsomeelementswhichtheanimalcanmobilizewhentheyareneededbythebody(1b5E2RGbCAP动物骨架的基本框架。它给出了它的形状和尺寸。骨架进行和支持身体的重量。它可以保护从外部损伤某些器官，egribs肋骨保护心脏和肺部，骷髅保护动物移动。骨骼含有的一些元素储备的动物时，可以调动他们所需要的身体1）p1EanqFDPwTheskeletondevelopsintheunbornanimalfromcartilagewhichhardensaschemicalsaltsaredepositedinit.DXDiTa9E3d骨架在未出生的动物从化学盐沉积在软骨硬化的发展。Intheagedanimaltheamountofmineralofintheboneincreases.Thismakesthebonesbrittle.Bonesgrowinbothlengthandthickness.Thebonesoftheskeletondonotdevelopatthesamerateinthegrowinganimal(2.Theskullandhindlimbsofanew-bornlambformahighpercentageoftheskeletonbutthisdecreasesasthelambgrows.Hindlimbsdevelopfasterthanforelimbs.RTCrpUDGiT在老年动物矿物在骨的增加的量。这使得骨骼脆性。骨骼的生长在长度和厚度。骨头的骨架不以同样的速度在不断增长的动物2）发展。一个新出生的羊羔头骨和后肢形成一个高比例的骨架，但降低的羔羊生长。后肢比前肢发展得更快。5PCzVD7HxAAnimalbreedersbycarefulselectioncanchangesproduceandsizeoftheskeletonandthustheanimal(3.Sometimesthechangesproduceweaknessintheskeleton.Verylongpigscansufferfrombacktroubles.jLBHrnAILgMovementdependsonthejointsbetweenthebonestomoveundermuscleactiong.Jointsfallintotherecategories.xHAQX74J0X通过仔细选择的动物育种者可以改变产生和大小的骨架，因此，动物3）。有时变化产生的骨架疲软。很长的猪可能遭受从背面的麻烦。运动依赖于关节之间的骨头下肌肉actiong移动。接头分为有类别。LDAYtRyKfESlidingjoints。Hingedjoints。Ball-and-socketjoints.Slidingjoints.Intherejointsthetwoboneendsthatformthejointsaresmoothandslightlycurved.Theyareabletoslideovereachotherallowingmovement.Thebonesareheldtogetherbyligamentsattachedtotheoutermembraneofthetwobones.Zzz6ZB2Ltk滑动关节。铰接接头。球窝关节。滑动关节。在那里关节，形成关节的骨端光滑，稍弯曲。他们是能滑过对方让运动。外膜的两块骨头的韧带附着的骨头是一起举行的。dvzfvkwMI1Hingedjoints.Thebonesformingthejointhaveenlargedsurfaceareasthatkeyintoeachother(4.Thisformsstrongjoint,butlimitsmovementinthejointtooneplane.rqyn14ZNXI铰链关节。其他4）扩大了表面积，关键的骨骼形成的联合。这就形成了强强联合，但将联合限制在一个平面上。EmxvxOtOcoBall-and-socketjoints.Thereverystrongjointshavelargesurfaceareasofcontactwhichspreadstheweightputonthejoint.Movementislimited(rotarywithsomesidewaysmovement.SixE2yXPq5球窝关节。有很强的关节表面的接触面积大，其传播的重量放在联合。运动是有限的旋转与一些侧身运动）。Thejointsoftheskeletonneedoilingtoreducewear.Wherethebonesmeet,theyarecoveredwithapackofcartilagewhichactsasashockabsorberandprovidesawear-resistantsurface.Overthecartilageisamembranewhichproducesafluidtolubricatethejoint.6ewMyirQFL骨骼关节需要上油，以减少磨损。倘骨头满足，它们覆盖软骨它作为一个减振器，并提供了一个耐磨的表面与一包。超过产生的流体润滑关节软骨是一种膜。kavU42VRUsMovementinjointsiscausedbythecontractionandexpansionofmusclesassociatedwiththatjoint.y6v3ALoS89在关节中的运动是由与该关节相关联的肌肉的收缩和膨胀。Lesson2muscleMusclecells,likeneurons,conbeexcitedchemically,electrically,andmechanicallytoproduceanactionpotentialthatistransmittedalongtheircellmembrane.Theycontaincontractionproteinsand,unlikeneurons,theyhaveacontractilemechanismthatisactivatedbytheactionpotential.M2ub6vSTnP肌肉细胞，如神经元，浓度被激发化学，电和机械地产生沿其细胞膜上的动作电位被发送。它们包含收缩蛋白和不同于神经元，它们有一个收缩的机制被激活的动作电位。0YujCfmUCwMuscleisgenerallydividedinto3types,skeletal,cardiac,andsmooth,althoughsmoothmuscleisnotahomogeneoussinglecategory.Skeletalmusclecomprisesthegreatmassofthesomaticmusculature.Ithaswell-developedcross-striations,doesnotnormallyintheabsenceofnervousstimulation,lacksanatomicandfunctionalconnectionsbetweenindividualmusclefibers,andisgenerallyundervoluntarycontrol(1.Cardiacmusclealsohascross-striations,butitisfunctionallysyncytialincharacterandcontractsrhythmicallyintheabsenceofexternalinnervationowingtothepresenceinthemyocardiumofpacemakercellsthatdischargespontaneously.Smoothmusclelackscross-striations.Thetypefoundinmosthollowvisceraisfunctionallysyncytialincharacterandcontainspacemakersthatdischargeirregularly.Thetypefoundintheeyeandinsomeotherlocationsisnotspontaneouslyactiveandresemblesskeletalmuscle.Therearecontractileproteinssimilartothoseinmuscleinmanyothercells,anditappearsthattheseproteinsareresponsibleforcellmotility,mitosis,andthemovementofvariouscomponentswithincell.eUts8ZQVRd肌肉一般分为3种类型，骨骼肌，心肌，光滑，虽然不是一个均一的单category.Skeletal肌肉包括躯体肌肉组织带来了大量的平滑肌。它有发达的交叉条纹，一般不会在紧张刺激的情况下，缺乏单个肌纤维的解剖和功能之间的连接，一般在自愿的控制1）。心脏肌肉也有横条纹，但它是功能合胞在有节奏的性格和合同在没有外部支配，因为在心肌起搏细胞放电自发的存在。平滑肌缺乏交叉条纹。最空腔脏器中发现的类型是在性质和功能合胞体，不规则的心脏起搏器放电。发现的眼睛，在其他一些地方的类型是不自发活动的，类似于骨骼肌。有类似的那些肌肉在许多其他细胞中的收缩蛋白，它出现这些蛋白是负责细胞的运动性，有丝分裂和细胞内的各种组件的移动。sQsAEJkW5TLesson3ThecirculatorysystemisthetransportsystemthatsuppliesO？andsubstancesabsorbedfromthegastrointestinaltracttothetissues,returnsCO2tothelungsandotherproductsofmetabolismtothekidneys,functionsintheregulationofbodytemperature,anddistributeshormonesandotheragentsthatregulatecellfunction.Theblood,thecarrierofthesesubstances,ispumpedthroughaclosedsystemofbloodvesselsbytheheart,whichinmammalsisreally2pumpsinserieswitheachother(1.Fromtheleftventricle,bloodispumpedthroughthearteriesandarteriolestothecapillaries,wherethebloodequilibrateswiththeinterstitialfluid.Thecapillariesdrainthrouthvenulesintotheveineandbacktotherightatrium.Thi