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班级:姓名：编号：0511扬中树人2014～2015学年第二学期高二年级英语导学案M7U4Period1grammar编制：高二年级备课组审核：纪开梅PhrasalverbsⅠ.短语动词的构成1.Enjoyastoryandpayattentiontosomephraseswhilelistening.Itwasraining.Iwentintoacaféandaskedforacoffee.WhileIwaswaitingformydrink,Irealizedtherewereotherpeopleintheplace,butIsensedloneliness.Isawtheirbodies,butIcouldn’tfeeltheirsoulsbecausetheirsoulsbelongedtotheNet.Istoodupandwalkedbetweenthetables,whenIcametothebiggestcomputer,Isawathin,smallmansittinginfrontofit.“I’mSteve,”hefinallyrepliedtomeafterIaskedhimacoupleoftimeswhathisnamewas.“Ican’ttalkwithyou.I’mbusy,”hesaid.Hewaschattingonlineand,atthesametime,hewasplayingacomputergame—awargame.Iwassurprised.Itriedtotalktohimagain,heshoutedatme,“Ican’tputupwithyou.Leavemealone”Thatnight,Ithoughteverythingover,butwasataloss.AretheywrongorIam?2.Whatisaphrasalverb?verb+adverbverb+prepositionverb+adverb+prepositionleavemealone;thinkeverythingover;standupgointo;askfor;waitfor;cometo;talkwith;talkto;shoutat;putupwith英语中的动词,按其构成,可分为单词动词(single-wordverb)和短语动词(phrasalverb)。短语动词指由两个或两个以上单词构成的动词。这种动词主要有三种组合形式:1)动词+副词构成的动词短语动词+副词构成的动词短语分为两类：“及物动词+副词”和“不及物动词+副词”。“及物动词+副词”短语的宾语既可以放在副词之前也可以放在副词之后，但如果宾语为人称代词，则必须放在副词之前。Eg.(1)Hetookoffhiscoat.(2)Havingwornhisraincoatalltheway,hetookitoffwhenhearrivedathisoffice.(3)UncleTompassedaway(去世)manyyearsago.(4)他进来时脱掉外套，出去时又穿上。Hetookoffhiscoatwhenheenteredthehouseandputitonagainwhenhewentout.(takeoff是及物短语动词)(5)Thereisoftenaspectators’balconyatairports,wherepeoplecanwatchtheplanestakingoffandlanding.(takeoff是不及物短语动词)(6)HiswordspuzzledmesomuchthatIspentseveralminutes________________.A.makingitupB.tomakeitupC.figureditoutD.tofigureitout班级:姓名：编号：0512总结：及物动词必须加宾语意思才完整的动词。不及物动词，就是不必加宾语意思就完整的动词。2)动词+介词构成的动词短语动词+介词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，不可分开使用，其后可以直接跟宾语，宾语通常是名词、代词、动名词等，在被动语态中介词不能省略。Eg.1.Kateislookingafterhissickmother.2.前几天我遇到我的一个老朋友王晓林。IcameacrossoneofmyoldclassmatesWangXiaoping.3.Iagreewith(与……看法一致)youonthatpoint.4.Beforelonghetookto(爱上)agirlstudentinhisclass.3)动词+副词+介词构成的动词短语这类动词短语的宾语只能放在介词的后面.常见的短语有：breakawayfrom，goonwith，catchupwith，lookdownon/upon，lookupto，makeupfor，putupwith。在“动词+副词+介词”的组合中，短语动词只能看作是一个动词,绝对不能拆开。Eg.1.Icouldn’tputupwith(忍受)thenoiseanylonger.2.Idon’t______________computergames.Ithinkit’sawasteoftime.A.goawaywithB.gointoC.goafterD.goinfor注意：在动词+副词+介词的组合中,短语动词只能看作是一个动词,绝对不能拆开。另外,还需要注意的是，以上三类短语动词都是一些固定搭配，这些短语动词与某些非固定搭配是有区别的。试比较(1)Thelightswentout.(2)Heputonhiscoatandwentout.例(1)中的wentout(熄灭)是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词。例(2)中的wentout(出去)不是短语动词，went是动词，out是副词，作状语。补充:动词+名词+介词构成的动词短语:常见的这类短语有：makefriendswith，takecareof，makeroomfor，makejokesabout，makeanapologyto，takepridein，payattentionto等。Eg.1.Lucythrewawaysomeuselessstufftomakeroomforhernewbookcase.2.Specialattentionshouldbe__________thepronunciation.A.paidforB.paidtoC.takenofD.takentoⅡ.读读猜猜:有很多动词短语不止有一个含义，需要我们利用语境来灵活运用。请写出下列短语意思.1.（1）Hisaccentgiveshimawayasasoutherner.泄露(2)Hegaveawaymostofhismoneytocharity.捐赠(3)Theygaveawaytheirlastchanceofwinningthematch.丧失(4)Themayorgaveawaytheprizesattheschoolsportsday.颁发2.(1)Thispricetakesinthecostoftransportationandfood.包括(2)Hewashomeless,sowetookhimin.收容班级:姓名：编号：0513(3)Fishtakeinoxygenthroughtheirgills.吸收(4)Ihopeyou’retakinginwhatI’msaying.领会Ⅲ.高频动词bring[要点]bringin引进；挣得bringabout引起，导致bringup养育，培养；呕吐；提出bringout使展现，推出（书、唱片等）bringdown降低；使倒下bringback把……带回来；使忆起；使恢复bringforth结果，生产，产生bringforward提出；提前bringoff圆满完成（困难之事）bringon惹来（坏的结果）；加速生长。[精练]1.TheInternethasbrought_____bigchangesinthewaywework.A.aboutB.outC.backD.up2.Theteachermadeupasentenceto______themeaningofthephrase.A.showoffB.turnoutC.bringoutD.takein3.Asweallknow,airpollutionoften____diseases.A.bringsonB.bringsupC.bringsbackD.bringsforwardbreak[要点]breakdown崩溃，瓦解；垮掉；失败；（化学）分解；（公共场所）失去理智breakup打碎；大学放假；（物理）分解；分开，分成（几部分）；结束；制止breakthrough逾越，突破；冲破breakaway(from)挣脱，脱离breakout爆发breakin破门而入breakoff折断；中断breakinto进入建筑物以便行窃；突然发出或开始；打扰。[精练]4.Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountries____withnoagreementreached.A.havebrokendownB.havebrokenoutC.havebrokeninD.havebrokenup5.Youshouldrelaxyourself,otherwiseyouwill_____intime.A.breakoffB.breakupC.wearoutD.breakdown6.UntilthendidIrealizethattheirmarriagewas_____becausetheyhadlittleincommon.A.breakingupB.breakingdownC.breakingthroughD.breakingoffcome[要点]comeabout发生comeout结果出来；出版；泄露；开花comeon跟随；作为挑战语；进展comeacross偶遇；被理解cometrue变为现实comeup走上前；被提出；长出地面；走近；升起comeupwith产生，发现（解决办法、答案等）comealong一起来comeback回来；顶嘴comeby努力获得cometo总计；清醒过来comeoff脱落；进展。[精练]7.Thegirliscleverandshealways______goodideaswheneversheisintrouble.A.comesaboutB.comesupwithC.getsupasD.comesup8.—Idon’tfeellikegoingout.Whydon’twewatchTVathome?—______Youpromisedtotakemeoutfordinner.班级:姓名：编号：0514A.Really?B.Notatall.C.Whynot?D.Comeon!9.Ihavenoideahowit_____thatthemanmetwithtroubleagain.A.cameupB.cameoutC.cameacrossD.cameaboutcarry[要点]carryoff获胜；成功做成（困难之事）carryon继续，坚持carryout执行carrythrough帮助渡难关；完成，实现carryback使忆起carryaway失去理智。[精练]10.Wedidn’tplanourartexhibitionlikethatbutit_____verywell.A.workedoutB.triedoutC.wentonD.carriedon11.—It’sagoodidea.Butwho’sgoingto_____theplan?—IthinkTomandGregwill.A.setasideB.carryoutC.takeinD.getthrough