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多层住宅建筑木结构防火FireControlinWood-FrameMultiFamilyBuildingsCanadaWoodShanghaiHerbertOttoB.Arch.,MRAIC木结构施工指南在隔声和防火设计方面提供了很多的信息ThisBestPracticeguideprovidesessentialinformationonbothsoundandfirecontrol火灾统计FireStatistics•在北美，木结构房屋的火灾伤亡记录和不燃材料房屋建筑的火灾伤亡记录是相当的。InNorthAmerica,thefirecasualtyrecordsofwood-framehousesissimilartothatofnoncombustibleapartmentbuildings•大部分的伤亡和破坏是由家具等物品引起的Mostcasualtiesandfiredamagesarecausedbydwellingcontents小型建筑物的规范Codeforsmallbuildings加拿大国家建筑规范第9章Part9oftheNationalBuildingCode•建筑面积小于600m2Buildingareaunder600m2•较大的建筑要用防火墙隔开，每个区域的面积小于600m2Largerbuildingdividedbyfirewallsintobuildingareasoflessthan600m2•小于3层Lessthan3storeysinheight•适用于住宅，商业和轻工业Usedforhousing,commercial,andlightindustrial加拿大住宅不同的设计：Canadianhousingaccommodatesavarietyofdesigns:商业和公寓额混合结构Mixedusecommercial&apartment防火ControllingFire加拿大规范明确的规定了安全等级CanadianCodeshaveclearlydefinedoccupantsafetycriteria•所有的住宅都要安装烟感装置Smokedetectorsarerequiredinallhouses•建议安装一氧化碳监测装置COdetectorsarerecommended.•距离逃生通道的距离不能超过规定的要求Traveldistancestoexitsmustnotbeexceeded•上层要求设置额外的避难平台和出口Additionalareasofrefugeandegressrequiredfromupperstoreys•隔离并控制烟气Smokeseparationsandcontrol家用报警装置AlertingHomeOccupants所有的住宅都要安装烟感装置Smokedetectorsarerequiredinallhouses建议安装一氧化碳监测装置COdetectorsarerecommended.加拿大规范中生命安全是最根本的原则LifesafetyisafundamentalpriorityinCanadiancodes安全是指按照规范要求的逃生方式SafemeansofescapefromhousingarerequiredinCodes.防火-火源ControllingFire-Ignition•到热源的距离Clearancefromheatsources•电气安装标准Electricalinstallationstandards•机械安装标准Mechanicalinstallationstandards•保护易燃材料•Protectionofflammableconstructionmaterials防火-火势的发展ControllingFire-Growth•控制易燃的表面和装修Limitingflammabilityofsurfacesandfinishes•自动喷淋系统Automaticsprinklersystems•保护可燃的结构Protectedcombustibleconstruction•不燃的结构Noncombustibleconstruction防火-单元之间ControllingFire–Betweendwellings•防火墙Fireresistantwalls•防火楼盖Fireresistantfloors•建筑区域采用防火墙分隔Buildingcompartmentalizationwithfirewalls•空腔内的防火挡块Firestoppingofcavities•管道内的阻火装置Firedampersinducts•限制距离Limitingdistances不同的防火分区VarioustypesofFireCompartments单元内的划分Unitcompartmentalization防火挡块Firestopping建筑尺寸BuildingSize喷淋系统Sprinklered结构Construction构造Assembly耐火极限Fire-resistance防火分隔FireSeparation建到4层，面积有限制Upto4storeys,arealimits是Yes轻型木结构或重型木结构Wood-frameorheavytimber*j楼盖Floors1h是Yes夹层Mezzanines1h否No内部楼盖InternalFloors1hk否No建到3层，允许面积稍大Upto3storeys,greaterarealimits否No轻型木结构或重型木结构Wood-frameorheavytimber*j楼盖Floors1h是Yes夹层Mezzanines1h否No屋盖Roofs1h否No内部楼盖InternalFloors1hk否No建到3层，面积有限制Upto3storeys,arealimits是Yes轻型木结构或重型木结构Wood-frameorheavytimber*j楼盖Floors¾h是Yes夹层Mezzanines¾h否No内部楼盖InternalFloors¾hk否No建到3层，面积有限制Upto3storeys,arealimits否No轻型木结构或重型木结构Wood-frameorheavytimber*j楼盖Floors¾h是Yes夹层Mezzanines¾h否No内部楼盖InternalFloors¾hk否No*可以使用不燃材料Non-combustibleconstructionisalsopermitted.j重木结构构件耐火极限要按1小时设计Heavytimbermembersneedtobedesignedtoprovide1h.fire-resistancerating.k单层的住宅单元没有耐火极限的要求Noratingisrequiredforunstackeddwellingunits.耐火极限Fire-resistancerating楼层Storeys最小建筑面积Maximumbuildingarea(m2)面向一条街Facing1Street面向两条街Facing2Streets面向三条街Facing3Streets1h12,4003,0003,6001h21,2001,5001,8001h38001,0001,2000.75h11,8002,2502,7000.75h29001,1251,3500.75h3600750900无喷淋系统-和建筑面积、高度和街道朝向相关的要求Ratingsastheyrelatetobuildingarea,heightandstreetexposure-unsprinklered耐火极限Fire-resistancerating楼层Storeys最小建筑面积Maximumbuildingarea(m2)7,2001h23.6001h32,4001h41,8000.75h15,4000.75h22,7000.75h31,800有喷淋系统-和建筑面积、高度相关的要求Ratingsastheyrelatetobuildingarea&height-Sprinklered防火Controllingfire墙体细节Walldetails墙体细节Walldetails墙体细节Walldetails非承重隔墙的细节（两个单元之间）Detailofnonloadbearingpartywall(betweentwounits)双拼墙骨柱隔墙在走廊处的细节Detailofdoublestudpartywallmeetingacorridor天花板防火挡块和隔声构造的细节Detailoffirestoppingatabulkheadattheceilingatfireandsoundseparations.(Bulkheadsusedforservices)典型的木结构多层住宅建筑TypicalWoodMultiFamilyBuilding使用前就要设置的防火装置Fireproofingbeforeservices保护喷淋系统免受冰冻ProtectingSprinklersfromfrost管道的防火护套Fireproofingductshafts灯具开孔的防火处理Fireproofinglightfixtureopenings墙体防火隔断连续布置的空间Spacefordrywallfireseparationcontinuity