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1999OECD“”“”。[1]“”。。。。、、。。[2]“”。“”“”。“”。、、“”OECD、、、、1234。[3]2003[4]。、。。。。。。。AlfredWeber1909。。。———“”“”。。。[5]。2090。“”。“”。“”、430074【】“”。、、。。【】【】F062.4【】A【】1004-2768200903-0004-02【】2007-10-15【】985HUST-06【】(1976－)、(1957-)、“”、。《》No.3.2009《》No.3.2009譼“”。。“”。[6]2090。。“”。、I.Nonaka1994、。“”→“”→“”→“”→。[7]1。、、。。。“”。[8]。。OECD《》。OECD、、、、、、、。、OECD2。2OECD。。《》GB/T4754-94《》ISIC366。“”、“”、“”366、、4112006。[9]OECD《》ISIC。OECD1。1※OECDOECD、、、。《》、、、、、54.6%、、。、70%。OECD25%。。、1986。“、”。2080“”90“”。、15 !#$ % &’ () () * +, -. /0 1 23456 1 7 8 譽2.BrR-1-rN。ArM+1-r-N=rM-1-rN。ArM-1-rNArM-1-rN-M+rR-1-rN0。、。。。1.BrR-1-rN。“”r1-r。。———N。2.BrR-1-rN、rArM-1-rN。rBrR-1-rNAN。。3.BrR-1-rNArM-1-rNMBrR-M-1-rNB-M0B———、B0rR-M-1-rN0。B0。B。1-rN。【】[1].———[M].2003.[2].[M].2001.[3]Baumol·WEntrepreneurshipProductveUnproductiveandDestuctive[J].JournalofPoliticalEconomy19905.[4]Murphy·K&ShleiferRVishny.WhyisRent-seekingSoCostlytoGrowth[J].AmericanEcon0H1icReview19932.LQ5、“”。“”“”、。“”。“”“”“”“”。“”。。“”。。。“”。“”“”。、、、、。、、、“———”。、。【】[1]JohnGroenewegenMariannevanderSteen.TheEvolutionofNationalIn-novationSystems[J].JournalofEconomicissues20062282.[2]KongraeLEE.PromotingInnovativeClustersthroughtheRegionalResearchCentreRRC[J].EuropeanPlanningStudies2003126.[3]OECD.InnovativeClustersDriversofNationalInnovationSystems[R].OECDParis2001151.[4].[J].20035.[5]BrianWixted.Nationsandsupranationalclusters[C].IIOAConferenceAugust2000.[6]..1894·[A].4[C].1974.[7]IkjurioNonaka.AdynamictheoryoforganizationalknowledgeCreation[J].OrganizationScience1994114-37.[8]DavidB.AudretschMaryannP.Feldman.InnovativeClustersandtheIndustryLifeCycle[J].ReviewofIndustrialOrganization199611270.[9].[M].2006.ZR輥輳InnovationClusters:ANewModeofIntegrationofModernScienceandTechnologywithEconomyWANGFu-tao,ZHONGShu-huaScienceandtechnologicalprogressisdivorcedfromeconomicdevelopment,whichpreventsChina'sindustriesfromupgrading.Basedontheoreticdeductionandempiricalanalysis,thepaperholdstheideathatinnovationclustersaretheresultofintegrationofscienceandtechnologywitheconomy,andarethehighstageofdevelopmentofindustrialclusters.Innovationclusterscanbecomeareasonablechoiceofbuildinginnovation-orientedcountryinChinaandcultivatinginnovationclustersshouldbeamaintaskinbuildinginnovation-orientedcountry.Policies:aKindofSocialProductiveForcesJIANGMing-shengNomatteritisdevelopmentofmaterialproductiveforcesordevelopmentofspiritualproductiveforces,bothhavecloseconnectionwithpolicies.Withoutregulationandstandardizationofpolicies,materialandspiritualproductiveforcescannotdevelopsmoothly.Policiescanregulateandstandardizetheinnerrelationofpolitics,economy,cultureandotherfieldsandtherelationshipbetweeneachother.Inthisway,policiesareofproductiveforcesandarebothmaterialandspiritualproductiveforces.BalanceAnalysisofDifferentBusinessModelsofAirlinesZHANGJian-sen,XIEMin,YULing-quWiththedevelopmentofworldaviationeconomy,airlineshaveformeddifferentbusinessmodels.Thepaper,fromtheviewofmicromarketbalance,classifiesbusinessmodelsofairlinesintoseveralkindsandmakesananalysisonvariousbusinessmodelsofairlines.Byusingmodelsofmicroeconomy,thepaperexploresbalanceconditionsoftypicalbusinessmodelsandpointsoutthemeaningofdifferentbusinessmodelsinimprovingthenationalairwaystructureandthepositionofcivilairports.Features,CausesandCountermeasuresofOver-productionofCoalIndustryLIUYeInChina'srealeconomy,therearesomeindustriesinwhichover-productioncapacityexists.Insecondaryindustry,industrialandminingindustriesareprominentinover-production.Thepaper,takingcoalindustryasanexample,analyzesitscurrentconditionsandcausesofover-productionandputsforwardsomesuggestionstosolvetheproblem,whichcanberegardedasreferenceinregulatingover-production.EnterpriseCultureMeansEmergeofEasternManagementXUEFei,CAORu-zhong,DAIChang-junEnterprisecultureisthedevelopmentandtheinnovationoftheoryofscientificmanagement.Atthesametime,itisthecrystallizationofeasternmanagementideasandwesternmanagementpractice.Itisthequintessenceofeasternmanagementcultureandistherecoveryofhumanityofmanagement.Withthedevelopmentofmanagementtheory,thetheoryofenterpriseculturewillbringprosperitytoeasternmanagementtheory.TranslatedbyQiWenjun