Unit-8-Cultivating-a-hobby

Unit8Cultivatingahobby•Ifyouwouldpersuade,youmustappealtointerestratherthanintellect.•——BenjaminFranklin•Discussion•Whatdoyouliketodomostinyoursparetime?Whatkindofinfluencedoyouthinkithasonyoureverydaystudy?•1.Nearlyeveryonehassomesortofhobby.Whatisyours?Howmuchdoyouthinkyourhobbymeanstoyourlife?•2.Howdoyouthinkworkandpleasurearerelated?Whatdoyouthinkofamanwhoworksallthetimewithoutanypleasure,andalsoonewhoseekspleasureallthetimewithoutdoinganywork?•ThemeWritingandClassification•ThemeWriting•ThethemeofthisshortessaybyChurchillisobvious,thatis,thesignificanceofcultivatingahobbyforrational,industrioushumanbeings.•Butwhatisnoticeableisthatinthebeginningparagraphnothingissaidabouthobby;noteventhewordhobbyismentioned.Instead,ChurchillquotesanAmericanpsychologist'sdefinitionofworryandfurtherexplainsit.•Toexplainhowahobbyperformsthisfunction,hefirstofallexplainswhatworryreallyis.Althoughherethewordhobbyisnotmentionedatall,thereareotherexpressionsthatareusedtorefertohobbyandshowthewayarightlychosenhobbyworkstoattenuateworry,e.g.insinuatesomethingelseintoitsconvulsivegrasp,illuminationofanotherfieldofinterest.•Classification•TheclassificationinParas.3and4isthedivisionofhumanbeingsintothreeclasses:•thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andthosewhoareboredtodeath.•Theotherclassificationisthedivisionofrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeingsintotwoclasses:•thosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasure;andthosewhoseworkandpleasureareone.Thetwoclassificationsarerelatedinthatthethirdcategoryofhumanbeingsinthefirstclassification,i.e.thosewhoareboredtodeath,isnotincludedinthesecondclassification.•Obviously,inChurchill'sopinionthesecannotbejustifiablyregardedasrational,industrious,usefulhumanbeings,andintheircase,nohobbycanhelptorelievetheirboredom.•Hobbyisgoodonlyforthoserational,industrious,usefulhumanbeings,nomatterwhethertheyregardworkandpleasureasoneorasseparate.ButChurchillemphasizesthathobbyisallthemorenecessaryforthosewhointegratesworkandpleasure.Thesearepeoplewhoneedmorethananyoneelseanalternativeoutlook,achangeofatmosphere.•spasm:Aspasmisasuddenstrongpainorunpleasantemotionwhichlastsforashortperiodoftime.•Aspasmofpainbroughthisthoughtsbacktothepresent.•Kempfeltaspasmoffear.•Itisuselesstoarguewiththemindinthiscondition.•Toargueistodisagree,ofteninanangryway.Inthissense,itisapparentlyunwiseforonetorefusetoacceptthefactasitis.•Anyattempttocounteractthemindinsuchastatewillendinnogoodresult.•Thestrongerthewill,themorefutilethetask.•Themoredeterminedyouaretotrytoremoveyouranxiety,thelesslikelyyoumayexpecttoachieveanysuccess.•will:determination•task:attempt/efforttorelieve(anxiety)•Onecanonlygentlyinsinuatesomethingelseintoitsconvulsivegrasp.•insinuate•v.introduce/suggest(sth.)graduallyandindirectly(toultimatelyremoveworry)•Theauthorisheresayingthatonecansolvethisproblemonlybydiverting,slowlyandsteadily,hisattention(awayfromhisworry)tosomethingelse(supposedlyahobbyorinterestinthiscontext),whichmayhopefullyhelpeasethestrainofthemind.•attend•v.gowith,accompany•e.g.•Thedelegatestotheinternationalconferencewerewell-attendedbybodyguardsincasualclothes.•Thepresidentelectsteppedontotheplatform,attendedbyhisfamily.•ifitisreallyattendedbytheilluminationofanotherfieldofinterest•ifit(thissomethingelse)turnsouttobetrulyanewformofinterest•illumination:anincreasedunderstandingofsomething,especiallysomethingofareligiousorspiritualnature;aninterpretationthatremovesobstaclestounderstanding•theoldunduegriprelaxes•theoldexcessivelyfirmholdonyoubecomeslessfirmorslackens•1.Whileworryisdefinedasaspasmofemotioninthefirstsentenceofthepassage,whatotherphrasesareusedinthefirstparagraphtorefertothisannoyingstateofthemind?•its(themind's)convulsivegrasp,the(old)unduegrip•2.WhatdoesthewordattendedinPara.1mean?•accompanied•apublicman•apersonengagedintheaffairsorserviceofthepeople•Butthisisnotabusinessthatcanbeundertakeninadayorswiftlyimprovisedbyamerecommandofthewill.•Butthisisnotataskthatcanbestartedovernightandthenaccomplishedasquicklyasonewishesittobe.•alternativementalinterests•otherinterestsofthemind•alternative•adj.thatmaybehadinsteadofanother•Thereisnoalternativewayofdoingthis.Ourwayistheonlyway.•Asfossilfuelsoneartharebeingexhausted,whatalternativesourcesofenergycanwepossiblyrelyoninthefuture?•alternative•n.oneofanumberofthingsfromwhichonlyonecanbechosen•Ifyouthinkthesedictionariesaretooheavytocarry,electronicdictionariesareanalternativeyoucanconsider.•tend•v.takegoodcareof,lookafter•e.g.•Theheadnursetendedthepatientswithgreatcare.•Thefarmertendedhissheepwithlovingcare.•athand(ratherformaluse)nearintimeorplace•e.g.•Healwayskeepsadictionaryathand.•Thegraduationdayisathand.•cf.atthehandsof•experiencingaparticularkindoftreatment,esp.anunpleasantone,fromapersonororganization•e.g.•TheJewscanneverforgetwhattheysufferedatthehandsoftheNazis.•1.InPara.2Churchillusesametaphortodescribethecultivationofahobby.Identifythemetaphorandthenexplainit.•Thelastsentence—Theseedsmustbecarefullychosen…whenneeded.•Thecultivationofahobbyiscomparedtothatofapl