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(1)Whatisinternationaltrade?Viewedfromtheinternationalsphere,theexchangesofgoodsandservicesacrossinternationalboundariesorterritoriesareworldwidetradetransactions,andalsoknownasinternationaltradeorworldtrade.(2)Whatarethebenefitsofinternationaltrade?Canyoulistafewexamplesfromyourdailylife?Thebenefitsofinternationaltradeincludecheapergoods,morechoicesofgoods,widermarketfordomesticproducers,andthegrowthofdomesticandworldeconomy.(1)Enhancethedomesticcompetitiveness(2)Takeadvantageofinternationaltradetechnology(3)Increasesalesandprofits(4)Extendsalespotentialoftheexistingproducts(5)Maintaincostcompetitivenessinyourdomesticmarket(6)Enhancepotentialforexpansionofyourbusiness(7)Gainaglobalmarketshare(8)Reducedependenceonexistingmarkets(9)Stabilizeseasonalmarketfluctuations(3)What’sthedifferencebetweeninternationaltradeanddomestictrade?Thefundamentalcharacteristicmakinginternationaltradedifferentfromdomestictradeisthatinternationaltradeinvolvestransactionsthattakeplaceacrossnationalborders.Specialproblemsmayariseininternationaltrade,whicharenotnormallyexperiencedindomestictrade.Theseproblemsarelistedasfollows:·Internationaltradeusuallyhastobeconductedinforeignlanguagesandunderforeignlawsandregulations.·Itisdifficulttoobtaininformationaboutthecreditandfinancialstandingofthepossibledealingpartners.·Itisoftenunavoidabletouseforeigncurrencyininternationaltradeandexchangeratevariationscanberiskytointernationaltraders.·Numerousculturedifferencesmayhavetobetakenintoaccountininternationaltrade.·Riskslevelsmightbehigherinforeignmarket.Therisksincludepoliticalrisks,commercialrisks,financialrisksandtransportationrisks.(4)Whydomanycountriesimposerestrictionsontrade？somecountriesimposerestrictionsonimportinordertomaintainabalanceoftradeandbalanceofpayments.(5)Whatisatariff？Howisitclassified？Atariffbarrierisadirectmonetaryburdentodiscouragetradeinwhichadutyorfeeisleviedongoodsbeingimportedinto(orexportedoutof)acountry.Anon-tariffbarrier,ontheotherhand,isnotdirectlyamonetaryburdenthoughitoftencostsmoretimeandmoney.Non-tariffbarriersincludequota,license,foreignexchangecontrol,technicalstandards,andregulations,etc.Terms(6)Howmanytradeformsdoyouknow?Pleasecommentontwoofthembriefly.1.Distributorship:anarrangementwherethemanufacturermakesitsmoneyonthesaleoftheactualgoodsthataredistributedratherthanfortherighttodistributethegoods.2.Tenders:aformaldocumentusedbypotentialsupplierstobuy,or‘procure’,particulargoodsandservices.3.Consignment4.Auction5.Agency6.Countertrade(7)Canyounamesomeoftheorganizationsinvolvedininternationaltradeandexplainthem?1.WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)2.InternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)3.WorldBank4.InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)5.UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment(UNCTAD)(8)Canyoudescribesomefrequentlyusedlawsandregulationsininternationaltrade?1.theUniformRulesforCollections(ICCPublicationNo.552,1995),《托收统一规则》2.theUniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredits,ICCPublicationNo.600《跟单信用证统一惯例》(国际商会第600号出版物）3.INCOTERMS2010《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》1.UnitedNationsConventiononInternationalBillsofExchangeandInternationalPromissoryNotes《联合国国际汇票和国际本票公约》2.UnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods(CISG)《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》(1)Beforebusinessnegotiationswhatpreparationsdoyouthinkthesellershouldmake?1.Makeinvestigationsabouttheinternationalmarket.2.Makecarefulmarketingplans.3.Dosomepopularizationsoastohavebusinesscontacts.(2)Howmanystepsdoesabusinessnegotiationusuallyundergo?Whichareindispensablestepsfortheformationofasalescontract?Why?There'refivestages:enquiry,offer,counter-offer,acceptance,conclusionofacontract.Offerandacceptanceareindispensablestages,becausethey'rerequiredfortheformationofasalescontract.(3)Whatdothesellerandbuyernegotiateininternationaltradenegotiation?(1)termsofcommodity,includingthename,quality,quantity,packing,inspection,etc.;(2)priceterms,includingunitprice,totalprice,priceterms,commissionordiscount,etc.;(3)deliveryterms,includingdeliverytime,place,modeoftransportation,transportationinsurance,etc.;(4)paymentterms,includingpaymentinstrument,paymentmethod,paymenttime,paymentplace,etc.;(5)conditionsforsettlingdisputes,includingclaims,arbitration,etc.(4)Whyshouldtherebegeneraltermsandconditions?(5)Whatisthedifferencebetweenafirmofferandnon-firmoffer?Afirmofferistheofferwithacertaintimelimitwhileanon-firmofferistheofferwithoutengagement.Afirmoffermustsatisfythefollowingrequisiteconditions:Itmustbesenttooneormorespecificpersons;Thecontentsmustbedefinite,thatis,theconditionsgivenmustbecomplete,clearandfinal.Afirmoffershouldincludeatleastthreespecificconditions:thename,thequantity,thepriceofthecommodity;Itmustindicatethatonceithasbeenunconditionallyacceptedbytheofferedwithinitsvalidity,theofferisbindingonbothparties;Ittakeseffectonlyaftertheofferreachestheofferee.Itisalwaysnecessarytostatethespecifictimezonewhenspecifyingthetimeofarrival.(6)Canyoutellbrieflytherequisiteconditionsthatafirmoffermustsatisfy?Afirmoffershouldincludeatleastthreespecificconditions:thename,thequantity,thepriceofthecom