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1.elect选择；决定做某事；选举某人electtodosth=choose/decidetodosth选择/决定做某事electsbtobe/as选举某人成为/担任--职务Sheelectedtobecomealawyer.她决定当医生。WeelectedJamestobechairman.我们选出詹姆斯当主席。2.occurvi.发生，出现，被想到sthoccurtosb(主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中，被想起Itoccurstosb.that…突然想起…Whendidtheaccidentoccur?那事故是什么时候发生的？Thewordsofthesongoccurredtomesuddenly.我突然想起了那歌的歌词。翻译：我突然想到我把女朋友留在半路。ItoccurstomethatIleftmygirlfriendhalfway.翻译：Itoccurstomethatheowesme5yuan.我突然想到他欠我5元钱。“某人突然想起”的多种表达sth.occurstosb.sth.strikessb.sth.comestosb.Itoccurstosb.that从句Itstrikessb.that从句Itcrossesone’smindthat从句3.indicatevt.指出；标示；表明；暗示indicatesth(tosb)翻译：asignindicatingtherightroadtofollow指示应走道路的标识（1）Withanodofhishead,heindicatedtomewhereIshouldsit.（他向我示意）（2）Aresskyatnightindicatesfineweatherthefollowingday.（暗示明天天气好）5.graspvt.抓住，抓紧；理解，领会(1)Igraspedhimbythearm.我抓住他胳膊。(2)Theyfailedtograsptheimportanceofhisword.他们没有理解他的话的重要性。n.抓住,理解haveagood/complete/profoundgraspof对--好/充分/深刻的理解HehasagoodgraspofEnglishgrammar.他英语语法掌握的很好。Within/beyondone’sgrasp(1)为人能/不能抓到的（2）为人能/不能理解的6.liveon(1)继续存在（2）靠-------生活,以----为主食。livewith忍受，忍耐liveupto（one'sideal/promise/expection）符合.不辜负livethrough经历过，经过--之后还活着用live的相关短语填空(1)Hediedtenyears,buthismemoryliveson.(2)Hehadtoliveon40pounds.(3)Weliveonrice.(5)Helivedthroughgbothworldwars.(6)Youwillhavetolivewithhishottemper,Iamafraid.(4)Ifinditdifficultformetoliveuptomymothersideal.7.bymeansof用----方法,借助于----byallmeans当然可以，没有问题bythismeans用这种方法，bynomeans决不(1)Thoughtscanalsobeexpressedbymeansofmusic.(2)CanIborrowyourcar?”Byallmeans(3)Bynomeansshouldyoutellhimaboutit.你绝不能把这件事告诉他。means手段，方法。的单复数同形，means作主语是应根据具体的情况来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。Everypossiblemeans________beentried，andwefindonly________thismeanscanwedoitwell.A.have，inB.have，byC.has，inD.has，by8.makealife习惯于新的生活方式，工作等；创造生活makealiving（勉强）谋生Live/leadasimple/happylife过着简朴/幸福的生活mostpeoplearesobusytomakealivingthattheyforgettomakealife.4.Keepup(1)vi.（rain,snow,goodweather）维持,坚持,不落后;vt.沿袭（oldcustoms/traditions）古老的风俗/传统等Assenior3students,itisimportanttokeepupagoodstateofmind.（保持好的思想状态。）Anypupilwhocannotkeepuphastorepeattheyear.（跟上）3.backtoback背靠背facetoface面对面mouthtomouth嘴对嘴shouldertoshoulder并肩hearttoheart交心headtohead交头接耳arminarm手挽手handinhand手牵手(1)Ourseatsonthetrainwerebacktoback.（背靠背的）4.Teamupwith与---合作或一起工作（1）Wehavetolearntoteamupwithothersifwewanttogetalongwithothers.（2）It'sapleasuretoteamupwithsuchexcellentworkers.和这样出色的工人一起干活真愉快。(3)Hedidn'twanttoteamupwithanybody.他不想与任何人合作。(4)thetwocompanieshaveteameduptodevelopanewracingcar.那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。7.markout画线，标出---界线，（atenniscourt,car-park,etc网球场，停车场）制定（1）Indoingmyreading,IoftenmarkoutwhatIregardasimportantinabook（2）Thedirectionsofruraldevelopmenthavebeenmarkedout。农村发展的规划已制定出来了。8.takein1)包括，吸收Thetourtakesinsomefamouscastles.我们的旅行包括些有名的城堡。Thiskindofclothtakesinwatereasily.这种布料吸水很好。(2)欺骗Don’tbetakeninbyhistricks.不要被他的花招蒙骗。(3)领会，理解Beforeyoutranslateasentence,youshouldfirsttakeinthemeaningofthewords.翻译句子之前，首先要理解单词的含义takeoff(飞机)起飞，脱下，(事业)兴旺takefor把…误作takeon呈现，雇佣takeup占据，从事，开始对…感兴趣takeover接管takeaway拿走，消除（疾病等）(1)Thebusinessofthecompanywasgrowingsofastthatthemanagerhadto___moreclerks.A.takeinB.takeonC.turndownD.giveout(2)(07辽宁)Don’tbe___byproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.A.takenoffB.takenoutC.takenawayD.takenin9.agreat/goodmany许多，很多拓展（1）many,agreat/goodmany,afew,a(good/large)numberof,scoresof+复数名词,谓语用复数themajorityof(2)much,alittleagood/greatdealof,alargeamountof+不可数名词（3）alotoflotsof复数名词+复数谓语aquantityof+plentyof不可数名词+单数谓语（4）Largeamountsof+不可数名词+复数谓语Quantitiesof+复数名词/不可数名词+复数谓语Amassof+复数名词/不可数名词+单数谓语massesof+复数名词/不可数名词+复数谓语Manya/morethanone+单数名词+单数谓语活学活用-----用have的正确形式填空（1）Alargenumberofstudentshaveagreatamountofhomeworkthathastobedoneathome,solargequantitiesofhouseworkhavebeenleftundone.（2）Wehave___Englishbooksbutwedon’thavetimetoread.A.agreatmanyB.agooddealC.agreatdealofD.agreatmanyof（3）______foodareneeded.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.QuantitiesofB.MassesofC.LargeamountsofD.Lotsof10.applyfor(ajob/post/passport/visa/scholarship)申请工作/职位/护照/签证/奖学金拓展：applysthto1.涂,敷;将...铺在表面[(+to)]Thenurseappliedtheointmenttothewound.护士把药膏敷到伤口上。2.应用;实施[(+to)]Weshouldapplyboththeoriestothelanguageclassroom.我们应把两种理论都运用到语言教室中去。3.使起作用;用上--，适合[(+to)]Youcan'tapplytheruletoeverycase.这条规则并不是在每种情况下都能适用的。Whatyousaiddoesn'tapplytome.你所说的并不适合我。4.(后常接oneself)使致力(于),使专心从事[(+to)]HeappliedhimselftolearningFrench.他致力于学习法语。11.句子1.CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.(1)thethirdlargeststate是序数词修饰最高级，意为“第三大”形容词或副词的最高级前可加序数词，表示第几长/大/快----如:TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriver（第二长的河）inChina.Heranthethirdfastest（第三快）intherace.(2)当最高级前有物主代词，或名词所有格时，最高级前不加定冠词the如：Fridayismybusiestday.Doyouknowwhatis____river?a.Africa'ssecondlongestb.TheAfricasecondlongestC.thesecondAfrica'slongestd.Africa'sthesecondlongest2.ItalsohasthedistinctionofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA,havingattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.(做结果状语)(1)Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,killingallfourpeopleonboard.机上四人受害(kill)(2)Europeanfootballisplayedinmorethan80countries,makingitoneofthemostpopulargamesintheworld.(N