美味牛肝菌的研究现状及应用展望-邓百万

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*,,,,,,(,,723001):、、、、。::Q943:A:1003-8310(2012)04-0008-04TheStatusandApplicationProspectsofBoletusedulisDENGBai-wan,CHENWen-qiang,LIUKai-hui,PENGHao,XIEXiu-chao,DINGXiao-wei,LANA-feng(SchoolofBiologicalScience&Engineering,ShaanxiUniversityofTechnology,ShaanxiEngineeringResearchCenterofEdibleandMedicatedFungi,723001Hanzhong,Shaanxi,China)Abstract:Thischapterisacomprehensiveintroductiontothepresentresearchsituation,biologicalcharacters,medicinalandnutritionalvalue,tothecultivationofBoletusedulis,andprospectsfortheresearchproblemsandthefutureapplications.Keywords:Boletusedulis;Biologicalcharacteristics;Cultivationtechnology1783,PierreBulliard。1821,“”EliasMagnusFries,BoletusedulisBull.:Fr。Fungi,Basidiomycotina,Hymenomycetes,Agaricales,Boletineae,Boletus[1.2.3]。“,”。,。《》:、,。,。《》、《》《》、、、[4.5]。2080,、、,。,。,20.0g、4.0g,20、。。,,,,;;,,。[6]。、、,、。11.1。,5cm~15cm,、、,,,,,,,*:“13115”2008IDGC-04:(1963-),,,,,,。Email:Dengbw2008@yahoo.com.cn2012,31(4):8~11EDIBLEFUNGIOFCHINACN53-1054/QISSN1003-8310:、,,1cm~2cm,20~30,,、、;,,,,;,,3cm~15cm,2cm~4cm,(11cm),,,,,;,,,[7.8]。1.21.2.1,,、、、、、、、、、、、、。,,。,,,、,,,。,、、,,。,,[7.8]。1.2.2,、、、,、、、、()。、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、[9.10.11]。1.2.3,、、、、。(1)、、,,。、、,、,、、、、;,。MgSO4K3PO4。10.0ug·L-1。10mol·L-1~5mol·L-1。、[12.13],,;,。,。,,,。CaCO3pH,Mg2+,Zn2+、Fe2+。KH2PO4、MgSO4·7H2O,2:1。:30.0g,7.0g,KH2PO42.0g,MgSO4·7H2O1.0g,VB10.01mg。pH5.2~5.8,180r·min-1,27℃,100mL60mL,6d[14]。(2),(、、)。,。18℃~30℃,24℃~28℃;5℃~28℃,16℃~24℃,12℃。(3)300m~600m,200m700m,。,,、、、、。,、、[15]。,、、、、、,、,。,、,。60%,80%~90%。(4)pH5.0~6.0[16]。(5),。。、、、;、,。,。0.6~0.9,0.50.9,。0.7~0.9,。、,,。2,:6,Boletineae,Paxillineae,Sclerodermatineae,Suillineae,Coniophorineae,Tapinellineae。Binder&Hibbett(2005)60ITSatp6,mt-lsu3149,,(Boletales)。。Leonardi(2005)ITS,ITS1-5.8S-ITS2,ITS1B.edulisB.pinophilus,B.aestivalisB.aereus[17.18.19]。,(2006)ITSB.edulis,[B.aestivalis(Paulet)Fr.][20.21]。44.1,。L.Schisler(1977),,1h~2h,,C6H12O610.0g、KH2PO40.5g、2.5g、CaCl20.05g、1.5g、(1.0g+0.64g,1000mL)0.5mL,2.5g、2.5g、1.0g、NH4Cl0.5g、MgSO40.5g、20.0g,1000mL。(1994),PDA,(Boletussp.),20℃~25℃,20d,,,[22]。4.2(1994),2.0g、K2HPO41.0g、MgMO40.5g、C6H12O620.0g、20.0g,1000mL,20℃~25℃,15d,7d,。YoshiroOyama1976,2.0%、0.15%、0.15%、MgMO40.05%、K3PO40.05%,[22]。4.3YoshiroOyama(1976),C2H5OH2.0%、0.1%、MgSO40.015%、K3PO40.015%、,10.0ug·L-1,10mol·L-1~5mol·L-1,10mol·L-1~5mol·L-1,pH5~6,5℃~20℃,.90d,。(1994),39.0%、39.0%、20.0%、1.0%、1.0%,pH5.5~6;39.0%、39.0%、20.0%、1.0%、1.0%,pH5.5~6,,,[22]。4.4J.Delmas(1978),,,,,,,。,。,,。5、,“”,。“”,“”,“”。“”。,,、。、、[23]。,、,,、、、、。,(100g):Fe15.42mg、K90.69mg,Na22.67mg、Zn5.58mg,Cu1.54mg,P223.7mg[24.25],。(Accenine)、(Choline)、(Putreseine)。,、S-180100%,90%[26]。,,,,SOD,,。6,,、、、。,,,。,。,,。,,,RAPD(RandomAmplifiedPolymorphicDNA)。,、。,。。,,。EDIBLEFUNGIOFCHINAVol.31No.410Biotechnology,2006,22(11):1129-1133.[26]MalinowskagE,KrzyczkowskiW,etal.Biosynthesisofselenium-containingpolysaccharideswithantioxidantactivityinliquidcultureofHericiumerinaceum[J].EnzymeandMicrobialTechnology,2009,44(5):334-343.[27]TangYJ,ZhuLL,etal.QuantitativeresponseofcellgrowthandTuberpolysaccharidesbiosynthesisbymedicinalmushroomChinesetruffleTubersinensetometalioninculturemedium[J].BioresourceTechnology,2008,99(16):7606-7615.[28]TangYJ,ZhuLW.ImprovementofganodericacidandGanodermapolysaccharidebiosynthesisbyGanodermalucidumfermentationun-dertheinducementofCu2+[J].BiotechnologyProgress,2010,26(2):417-423.[29],,.5[J].,2004(30):75-77.[30]ChienyanH,WangHL,ChenCC,etal.EffectofplantoilandsurfactantontheproductionofmyceliabiomassandpolysaccharidesinsubmergedcultureofGrifolafrondosa[J].BiochemicalEngineeringJournal,2007,38(2):198-205.[31]YoshikawaM,YamaokaN,TakeuchiY.Theirsignificanceandprimarymodesofactionininductionofplantdefensereaction.PlantCellPhysiology,1993(34):1163-1173.[32],,.[J].,2007,26(1):1-4.[33],,,.[J].,2009,30(23):309-313.[34],,.[J].,2006,25(3):34-37.[35]ZhuLW,ZhongJJ,TangYJ.SignificanceoffungalelicitorsontheproductionofganodericacidandGanodermapolysaccharidesbythesubmergedcultureofmedicinalmushroomGanodermalucidum[J].ProcessBiochemistry,2008,43(12):1359-1370.[36],,,.[J].,2011,30(2):198-205.[][1].[M].:,2000,10.315.[2].[M].:,1997,153~155.[3].[M].:,1999,05.66.[4],,.[M].:,1987,371.[5],,.[M].:,2005,03.120~134.[6],,.[M].:,1998,10.[7].[M].,1998,212~213.[8],,.[M].1984,247~278.[9],.[J].,2002,9(2):22~30.[10],,.[J].,1996,12(24):244~246.[11],,.[J].,2004,23(4):5~6.[12],.[J].,2004,3(3):396~399.[13],.[J].(),2005,42(2):368~372.[14],.[J].,2004,23(6):92~95.[15].,.[J].,2005,31(9):60~63.[16],.[J].(),2006,25(6):49~53.[17]LeonardiM,PaolocciF,RubiniA,etal,2005.Assessmentofinterandintra-specificvariabilityinthemainspeciesofBoletuseduliscomplexbyITSanalysis[J].FEMSMicrobiolLett,243(2):411~416.[18]MelloA,GhignoneS,VizziniA,etal,2006.ITSprimersfortheidentificationofmarketableboletes[J].JBiotechnol,121(3):318~329.[19]MoorD,BrodmannP,NicholasG,etal,2002.Polymerasechainreaction(PCR)forthedetectionofkingbolete(Boletusedulis)andslipperyjack(Suillusluteus)infoodsamples[J].EurFoodResTechnol,214:340~345.[20]MarcoL,FrancescoP,AndreaR,etal.Assessmentofinter-andintra-specificvariabilityinthemainspeciesofBoletus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