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被动语态牛津8BUnit3四川省巴中市巴州区水宁寺镇小学赖丽琼牛津8BUnit3被动语态英语动词的语态⑴主动语态：主语是动作的执行者⑵被动语态：主语是动作的承受者例：WespeakEnglish.（主动语态）主谓宾Englishisspokenbyus.（被动语态）主谓介词+宾语主动语态被动语态Wecleantheclassroom.Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.Sheclosedthewindow.Thewindowwasclosedbyher.Hewrotealetterlastnight.Aletterwaswrittenbyhim.被动语态的构成主语+be+过去分词+其他Thesimplepresenttense:(一般现在时)Iam(not)CaughtYou/We/Theyare(not)She/He/Itis(not)Thesimplepasttense:(一般过去时)Iwas(not)CaughtYou/We/Theywere(not)She/He/Itwas(not)带情态动词的被动语态：Ican(not)may(not)must(not)should(not)beCaughtYou/We/TheyShe/He/It被动语态的用法：（见课本P45）1．当动作执行者显而易见时。（即没必要指出动作的执行者)Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.2．当我们不知道或不能想起谁是动作的执行者时。ＴhecarsweremadeinTianjingin1995.3．当我们认为行为（动作）比谁是这个行为（动作）的执行者更重要时。Theredcoatsinthisshopweresoldoutyesterday.主动语态与被动语态的谓语动词形式(以动词do为例)时态动词的主动形式动词的被动形式一般现在时do(does)am/is/aredone一般过去时didwas/weredone一般将来时willdowillbedone现在进行时am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdone过去进行时was/weredoingwas/werebeingdone现在完成时have/hasdonehave/hasbeendone过去完成时haddonehadbeendone过去将来时woulddowouldbedone（另：情态动词+do情态动词+bedone)被动语态的谓语动词形式时态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时\amis\aredoneHeisaskedtodothis.一般过去时was\weredoneTheroomwascleanedbyhermother.一般将来时willbedoneThetreeswillbecutdowntomorrow.现在进行时am\is\arebeingdoneThebookisbeingwritten.过去进行时was\wrerebeingdoneAtthattimethedeskwasbeingmade.现在完成时have\hasbeendoneThebuildinghasbeenbuilt.过去完成时hadbeendoneHesaidthathishomeworkhadbeendone.过去将来时wouldbedoneTheysaidthetreeswouldbeplantedsoon被动语态的各种句型Thebookislikedbyyoungpeople.(肯定句)Thebookisn’tlikedbyyoungpeople.（否定句）Isthebooklikedbyyoungpeople?（一般疑问句）Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.(回答)Whom\Whoisthebooklikedby?（特殊疑问句）Theroomiscleaned,isn’tit?(反义疑问句)主动语态改为被动语态的方法1..把主动句中的宾语改成被动句的主语,原主语改成宾语．2动词改为被动形式be+P.P(同时注意时态)．3原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去．.例：(1)WespeakEnglish.（主动语态）主谓宾Englishisspokenbyus.主谓介词+宾语(2)Themankilledatiger.Atigerwaskilledbytheman.特殊句型的被动语态一双宾语give,pass,show，teach,tell等动词常常带有两个宾语即双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语，改为被动语态时，可以选其中任何一个作主语。如果直接宾语作主语，那么间接宾语前要加相应的介词to/for。但ask,answer后的双宾语，一般将间接宾语（人）变为主语；buy,make等后的双宾语，一般将直接宾语（物）变为主语．例：①Hegavemeapen.=Hegaveapentome.间直直间→Iwasgivenapenbyhim.间→Apenwasgiventomebyhim.直②Mymotherboughtmeanewcoat.=Mymotherboughtanewcoatforme.直间→Anewcoatwasboughtformebymymother.特殊句型的被动语态二使役动词（make/let/have）或感官动词（hear,see,listento,find,watch,feel等），在主动语态中，其后作宾语补足语的不定式不带to，但是在改成被动语态时必须加to，另外help在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to,但在被动语态中也必须加to。例：①Motheroftenmakesmedosomehousework.→Iamoftenmadetodosomehouseworkbymother.②Wesawhimrunintotheclassroom.→Hewasseentorunintotheclassroombyus.特殊句型的被动语态三复合宾语含有宾语补足语的句子改为被动语态,只能把宾语作为被动语态的主语。（宾补放在原来位置不变）例：①WecallhimTom.主谓宾宾补→ＨeiscalledTombyus.②Hefoundthebookveryinteresting.→Thebookwasfoundveryinterestingbyhim.四不及物动词（vi）+介词/副词＋宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。例：①Ｗeshouldspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.→Oldpeopleshouldbespokentopolitely(byus).②Hetookawaythebox..→Theboxwastakenawaybyhim.没有被动语态的动词1.不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:happen\takeplace（发生）,breakout(爆发)，breakdown(坏了),appear,die，end,fail,last,lie,,sit,spread（传播）,stand,cometrue,fallasleep,belongto,consistof等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态．2.大多数系动词：be,feel(摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来),taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。3.表示状态或特征的动词.如have,cost,fit,suit等没有被动形式.例：①Ｔhemilktastesstrange.②Thestoryhappenedinin2000.③Themeetinglastedfor2hours.被动语态练习一、单项选择：(注意语态和时态.)1.Thetallbuilding____１０yearsago.AbuiltBwasbuiltCisbuiltDbuildsB2Whatanicegarden!It____everyday.AiscleaningBwascleaningCmustcleanDiscleanedD3Thetrees____everyday.AwaterBmustwateredCmustbewateredDhaswateredC4Ifthechild____,pleasetelephonethepolice.AfoundBisfoundCwasfoundDhasfoundB5_____thiskindofquestionoften____inyourclass,LiPing?ADoes,askBIs,askedCHas,askedDWill,askB6Sheisofenseen_____basketballontheplayground.AplayBtoplayCplaysDplayingB7Rice_____inSouthChina.AgrowsBisgrowCisgrownDaregrownC8We______treesinspring.AplantBareplantedCareplantingDwillplantA被动语态练习二、动词填空：(注意语态和时态.)1Theroom_____________(clean)justnow.wascleaned2Trees_____________(plant)inspringeveryyear.areplanted3Theroom________________(shouldclean)everyday.shouldbecleaned4Thisjacket______________(make)ofcotton.ismade5Sandy________just_________(sweep)thefloor.hassweeped6Oh,themilk____________(taste)strange,doyouthinkit’sOKtodrink?tastes7Thestory____________(happen)in2005.happened被动语态练习三、句型转换：变被动语态1Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.2Wemustspeaktoolderpeoplepolitely.Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely(byus).3Wefinishedourhomeworkyesterday.Ourhomeworkwasfinishedyesterday.4Hegavemeabookjustnow.Iwasgivenabookbyhimjustnow.Abookwasgiventomebyhimjustnow.5weoftenheardhersingthissong.Sheisoftenheardtosingthissongbyus.