一个句子如果加上宾语从句,句子显然变复杂了,也变的difficult了,其实,你大可不必发愁。只要掌握好宾语从句的用法,一切问题就迎刃而解了。宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同,可把宾语从句分为三类。以that引导的宾语从句。如:Ihearthatyouhavepassedtheexamination.Goodluck!以if和whether引导的宾语从句。如:Idon'tknowifyoucancometomorrow.以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如:Pleasetellmehowyoucangethere.运用宾语从句要注意以下几点:宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。主句的谓语动词的时态如果是过去时态,宾语从句谓语动词的时态要选用相应的过去某一种形式。如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理,事实时,即使主句是过去式,从句仍用一般现在时。一、宾语从句的引导词宾语从句通常由连词that和whether(if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导:1.that引导Webelievethatheishonest.我们相信他是诚实的。ThedoctorinsiststhatIgiveupsmoking医生坚持要我戒烟。Isuggestthatweshouldgotomorrow.我建议我们明天走。Isuggestedthatweshouldgothenextday.我建议我们第二天走。WelearntfromhisletterthathewasinSpain.从他的信里我们了解到他在西班牙。Thesellerdemandedthatpaymentshouldbemadewithinfivedays.卖方要求5日内付款。2.whether/if引导Idon’tknowwhetherhe’llarriveintime.我不知道他是否能及时到。Ididn’tknowwhethertheylikedtheplace.我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。I’llseewhetherIcaninducehimtoacceptit.我要看看我是否能劝他接受。Iaskedherwhethersheagreed.我问她是否同意。HeenquiredifherparentsspokeSpanish.他问她父母是否讲西班牙语。Iwonderifit’slargeenough.我不知道它是否够大。Shedidn’tsayifhewasstillalive.她没说他是否还活着。3.连接代词引导Idon’tknowwho[whom]youmean.我不知道你指谁。Pleasetellmewhichyoulike.告诉我你喜欢哪一个。I’IldowhateverIcando.我将做我所能做的事。Youcantakewhicheveryoulike.你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。We’lldowhateverwecantosavehim.我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。Takewhicheverseatyoulike.你要坐哪个座就坐哪个座位。Giveittowhoeveryoulike.你把它爱给谁就给谁。Youdon’tknowwhatyouaretalkingabout.你在说什么,你自己也不知道。Tomorrowatthistimewe’llknowwhoiselected.明天这时候我们就会知道谁当选了。4.连接副词引导Heaskedwhyhehadtogoalone.他问他为什么必须一个人去。Youdon’tknowwhenyouarelucky.你身在福中不知福。Iaskedhowhewasgettingon.我问他情况怎样。Heknowswheretheylive.他知道他们住哪里。HaveyoufoundouthowwidetheditchWas?你了解到那条沟有多宽吗?I’dliketoknowwhentheywilllethimout.我很想知道他们什么时候会放他出来。Wedidn’tknowwhyhehadansweredinthatfashion.我们不明白他为什么这样回答。3.关系代词what引导Shehasgotwhatshewanted.她要的东西得到了。IwanttotellyouwhatIhear.我想把听到的情况告诉你。Hecouldnotexpresswhathefelt.他无法表达内心的感受。Theydidwhattheycouldtoconsoleher.他们尽量安慰她。Theythoughttheycoulddowhattheylikedwithhim.他们以为他们可以对他为所欲为。【注意】有时介词后可接一个宾语从句(但介词后通常不接that和if引导的宾语从句):Fromwhatyousay,heisright.根据你所说的,他是对的。有极个别介词(如but,except)可接that引导的宾语从句:Sherememberednothingabouthimexceptthathishairwasblack.她对他什么都不记得,只记得他的头发是黑的。比较下面两句用what引导的宾语从句,它们的意思不一样:Hebegantothinkaboutwhatheshoulddo.他开始考虑应当怎样做。二、宾语从句与形式宾语it当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时,通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语从句移至句末:Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstayhere.我认为你最好住这儿。Hehasn’tmadeitknownwhenheisgoingtogetmarried.他还没宣布他何时结婚。Shefounditdifficulttoanswerthequestion.她发现回答这个问题很困难。Hefeelsithisdutytohetpothers.他认为帮助别人是他的责任。Hethoughtitbesttobeonhisguard.他认为他最好还是要警惕。HemadeitaruletospeakinParliamentatleastonceeverysession.他规定自己在议会每次开会时至少发一次言。Ifinditinterestingtalkinggoyou.我觉得同你谈话很有意思。Iconsideritwrongtocheatinanexamination.我认为考试作弊是不对的。三、连词that的省略问题引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略:Shesaid(that)shewouldcometothemeeting.她说过要来开会的。Ipromiseyou(that)Iwillbethere.我答应你我会去。Ihoped(that)Iwould/shouldsucceed.我曾希望我会成功。Hethinks(that)theywillgivehimavisa.他想他们会给他签证。Hethought(that)theywouldgivehim3visa.他本想他们会给他签证。Iexpect(that)theplanewillhediverted.我料想飞机会改变航线。Iexpected(that)theplanewouldbediverted.我本料想飞机会改变航线。Everybodyknows(that)moneydoesn’tgrowontrees.众所周知,金钱是不会从树上长出来的。Isuggested(that)theyshould/shouldn’tdrivealongthecoast.我建议他们沿着/不要沿着海岸开车。【注】有时为了强调,that引导的宾语从句可位于句首,此时that不可省略:ThatsheisagoodgirlIknow.她是一个好姑娘,我是知道的。四、宾语从句与否定转移当动词think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时,其否定通常转移到主语:Idon’tsupposethatitistrue.我认为那不是真的。Idon’timaginethathewillcome.我想他不会来的。(from)Idon’tthinkweneedwastemuchtimeonit.我想我们不必在这上面花太多时间Wedidn’tthinkwe’dbethislate.我们没想到我们会到得这么晚。Idon’tsupposeI’lltroubleyouagain.我想我不要再麻烦你了。练习:1.SheaskedmeifIknew_______.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit2.Idon'tknow_______hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherB.whereC.whatD.when3.Idon'tknow______hewillcometomorrow._______hecomes,I'lltellyou.A.if,whetherB.whether,whetherC.if,ThatD.if,If4.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow________.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whereisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockinginD.whatintheirstockings5.Canyoutellme________?A.whendoestheshipleaveB.whentheshipwillleaveC.whentheshipleaveD.whenwilltheshipleave