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Chapter9RevisingandeditingContents•Thequalityofgoodwriting;•Makingyourwritingcoherent;•Makingyourwritingclear;•TipsforgoodwritingThequalityofgoodwriting•Clarity:grammar;vocabulary•Accuracy:preciselyandexactly,avoidambiguity•Fluency:smoothlyflowingideasthroughunityandcoherence,avoidbrokensentencesorabruptswitchesofideas;•Correctness:grammaticalmattersWhenyouarerevising,checktosee:•Iftheideasareallrelatedtoyourthesisstatement?•Ifalltheseideasarelogicallyandcoherentlystructured?•Iftheseideasareexpressedingoodenglishsentences?•Iftheformatandstyleareappropriate?Makingyourwritingcoherentthroughrevising•Whenyourevise,focusonyourattentiononcontentandorganization.•Generalquestions:•Thethesisfocusandadequatelysupportyourthesisstatement?•Haveaclearintroduction,bodyandconclusion?•Logicalandclearinstructure?•Coherentthroughtransitions?Introduction:•Engagethereaders’attention?•Presentyourthesisstatementclearly?•Backgroundinformation?Body:•Presentevidencefromavarietyofreliablesources?•Arematerialspresentedinacombinationofsummary,paraphrase,quotation?•Anygapsinyourargument?Anyinadequatelysupportedpoints?•Anyunnecessaryorirrelevantmaterials?Conclusion•Summarizethemainpoints?•Repeatthemajorargument,orrestateyourthesis?•Arealllooseendstiedup?•Haveallthepartsbeensupported?•Addressedallthosemostlikelyquestionsaboutthetopic?Style•Varietyinstylebyusingdifferentkindsofsentences?•Avoidwordiness?Deletedunnecessarywords,phraseandclauses?•Clearconcreteexamples?Definedthekeyterms?•Avoidcolloquiallanguage,slang,jargon,anddialect?•Avoid1stpersonpronouns?Makingyourpaperclearthroughediting1)Wordchoiceandperspectivesonsentences:•Avoidbeingtoochattyorconversational;•Avoidusingclithes,jargon,euphemism,pretendinglanguage,sexistlanguage,andChineseEnglish.Trytowritesentencesthataremore-variedandcomplexinstructure:•avoidsentencefragments:Alongwithpopulationexplosionmanyproblemsoccurred.Forinstance,naturalresources,education,etc.(×)Alongwithpopulationexplosionmanyproblemsoccurred,forinstance,naturalresources,education,etc.(√)•avoidrun-onsentences(缺乏连词或标点符号的长句):Wehadnolackofentertainmentduringthetimewhichwespentinthecity,whichseemedverygayandattractive.(×)ThecityseemedsogayandattractivethatWehadnolackofentertainmentduringourstaythere.(√)•avoiddanglingphrases:Openingthedoor,anamusingscenecaughtmyeye.(×)Openingthedoor,Isawanamusingscene.(√)Tobeadmittedtocollege,theentranceexaminationmustbepassed.(×)Tobeadmittedtocollege,thecandidatemustpasstheentranceexamination.(√)•avoidthecommafault:Itwasraininghard,theycouldnotplaybasketballoutside.(×)Itwasraininghardandtheycouldnotplaybasketballoutside.(√)Becauseitwasraininghard,theycouldnotplaybasketballoutside.(√)2)edityourthesis:•Forclarity:grammar,vocabulary•Forvariety:Varietyisthespiceofwriting;trytovaryyourchoiceofwordsasmuchaspossible;lookforanywordsthatarerepeatedmanytimes,espwithinthesameparagraph,thenselectalternatives.•Forsymmetry,balanceandparallelism:grammar,logic•Foreconomy:useasmanywordsasyouneed,butnomorethanyouneedtoaccomplishyourgoal.Everythingshouldbepartofthemaineffect.Nowordshouldbewasted.Everyexcessiveverbiage(冗词)shouldbeeliminatedduringrevision.3)recognizingimprecision•Ambiguity:theresultofvaguelge;nowordisinherentlyvaguebutwordscanbeusedindifferentways.•Wordiness:4)writingconcisely:wordinessisasurewayoflosingareader’sattention.•Substitutethespecificwordsforgeneralones,avoidthesuperfluousmodifiersbeforeanounorverb:atruefactbasicfundamentalsafreegiftforeignimportsfutureprognosisgreenincolorincloseproximity•AvoidthefollowingVerb-objectcombination:Madeadecision=decidedexpressedadenial=deniedventuredanattempt=triedgrantedpermission=permitted•Avoidthefollowingbloatedexpressions:Atnotime=neverAtthetimethat=whenDuetothefactthat=becauseDuringthetimethat=whileatthispointintime=nowTipsforgoodwriting•Respectyourselfandyourideas:yourideasarethemostimportantpartofyourthesis.Spenttimeandefforttodevelopsophisticated,smartideas.•Strivingforclarity:trytomakeyourthesiseasytoreadbyhavingawell-balancedstructure,logicalorganization,andcoherentwriting.•Avoidcommongrammaticalerrors:avoidlgefragments,run-onsentences,ambiguousreferences,danglingmodifiers,splitinfinitives,tensechoice,wordiness,andspellingerrors.•Sayitwithstyle:everypieceofwritinghasitsowndistinctivestyle.Thestyledependson:thechoiceofwords,thesentencepatterns,andthewayinwhichyourideasareintroduced.•Doityourway：developingyourownstyleasawritertakestime.Striveprimarilyforclarity;workatconveyingyourideasasclearlyanddirectlyaspossiblesothatthereadercanlearnandunderstandwhatyouhavetosay.