硕士学位论文电能质量监测系统的设计与研究DESIGNANDRESEARCHOFTHEELECTRICPOWERQUALITYMONITORINGSYSTEM李林哈尔滨工业大学2009年6月国内图书分类号:TM932学校代码:10213国际图书分类号:621.3密级:公开工学硕士学位论文电能质量监测系统的设计与研究硕士研究生:李林导师:曲延滨教授申请学位:工学硕士学科专业:电气工程所在单位:信息科学与工程学院答辩日期:2009年6月授予学位单位:哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:TM932U.D.C:621.3DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringDESIGNANDRESEARCHOFTHEELECTRICPOWERQUALITYMONITORINGSYSTEMCandidate:LiLinSupervisor:Prof.QuYanbinAcademicDegreeAppliedfor:MasterofEngineeringSpecialty:ElectricalEngineeringAffiliation:SchoolofInformationScienceandEngineeringDateofDefense:June,2009Degree-Conferring-Institution:HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文I摘要随着国民经济和科学技术的迅速发展,现代电力电子变流装置和非线性设备被大量使用,电能质量问题已经引起电力部门和许多重要商业用户的密切关注,一方面是电网电能质量的下降,另一方面却是用户对电能质量要求的提高,其矛盾日益尖锐。因此,如何提高和保证电能质量己经成为我国电力系统面临的重要问题,对电能质量进行监测与分析具有十分重要的意义。本文首先论述了电力系统参数监测的意义及研究发展现状,介绍了谐波的危害和目前存在的谐波检测方法,并在电能质量和电能计量相关的国家标准的基础上,提出了电力参数监测系统的设计方案,然后从硬件、软件和算法三个方面详细介绍了电力参数监测系统的研制。根据监测系统的需要,本文采用DSP+MCU构架,充分发挥DSP芯片的数字处理能力和MCU的控制功能。采用模块化的设计思路,将系统分为信号采集模块、信号处理模块、人机接口模块等多个功能模块,各模块之间通过信息交换协调工作。硬件方面,本文详细介绍了数据采集和数据处理等模块的具体电路实现,以及相关的系统电路扩展;软件方面,本文着重分析了谐波分析算法,采用了一种针对实输入序列的高效FFT算法,并对使用FFT算法带来的频谱泄漏和栅栏效应进行了详细分析,提出了基于窗函数的插值FFT算法,给出了算法的DSP实现方法,并在MATLAB中进行仿真,验证了算法的正确性。同时,对于频谱分析的抗混叠处理,本文设计了基于窗函数的数字滤波器。对于DSP自举引导程序的设计、DSP与A/D以及MCU的接口编程以及数据的采集,本文也详细的介绍了其实现过程。本系统具有很高的测量速度和测量精度,人机界面友好,易于操作,功能齐全,具有可扩展性,便于系统的硬件和软件升级,具有很好的研究价值和实用价值。关键词电能质量监测;谐波分析;数字滤波器;FFT;DSP哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文IIAbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofnationaleconomyandsciencetechnology,variouskindsofelectricandelectronicconvertorsandothernon-linearloadarewidelyapplicated,thiscanmakethevoltageandcurrentwaveformdistorandresultintheseriousdepravationofelectricpowerquality.Sotheelectricpowerdepartmentsandmanyimportantbusinessusersnowpaymoreandmoreattentiontotheelectricpowerqualityissue.Ontheonehand,thequalityofelectricpowerhasdeclined,ontheotherhandtheusersrequiretoimprovethequalityofelectricalenergy.Sodetectingandanalyzingelectricpowerqualityisquitesignificant.Inaccordancewiththeneedofthemonitoringsystem,weuseDSP+MCUarchitecture,andgivefullplaytothedigitalprocessingcapacityofDSPandthecontrolfunctionofMCU.Thethesisfirstlydiscussesthesignificanceofpowerqualitymonitoringsystemandthedevelopmentofthemeaningofthepowerqualitymonitoringsystem,thenintroducetheharmofharmonicinpowersystemandseveralkindsofgeneralanalysismethodsusedinharmonicmonitoring.And,thethesisdesignsthesystemschemebasesonthenationalandsectorstandardsaboutelectricpowerquality.Thentheauthorintroducetheresearchmethodofelectricpowerqualitymonitoringsystemfromthetwoaspectsofhardwareandsoftware.Theauthorusesthemodulardesignmethodtodesignthemultifunctionalelectricpowerqualitymonitoringsystem,thesystemisdividedtoseveralmodulessuchassignalacquisitionmodule,signalprocessingmodule,man-machineinterfaceandsoon.Themodulesworkinharmonythroughtheexchangeofinformationbetweenthem.Theauthordesignsthehardwarepartdesignmethodofcircuitschematicdiagramincludingthesignalacquisitionmoduleandthesignalprocessingmodule,andrelatedexpansionofthesystemcircuit.Theauthordesignedthehardwarepartfocusingontheharmonicanalysisalgorithm,usingahigh-efficiencyFFTalgorithmforarealnumberinputsequence.TheauthoralsoanalysesdetailedlythespectrumleakageandfenceeffectaccompaniedbyusingFFTalgorithm,bringingforwardtheinterpolatedFFTalgorithmbasedonwindowfunction,andintroduceshowtoactualizeitinDSP.ThenwegivethesimulationmethodinMATLABtoverifythecorrectnessofthealgorithm.Simultaneously,thethesisdesignsthedigitalfilterbasedonwindowfunctiontodealwithspectrumaliasing.Inaddition,thethesis哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文IIIintroducesthedesignmethodofbootloaderfunctionandtheinterfacewithotherequipmentforDSP.Thesystemhasveryhighmeasurementspeedandthemeasuringaccuracy,friendlyinterface,easytooperate,multi-function,convenientextension,easytoupgradethehardwareandsoftware.Soithasahighvalueforresearchingandpracticalapplication.Keywordselectricpowerqualitymonitoringsystem,harmonicanalysis,digitalfilters,FFT,DSP哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文IV目录摘要......................................................................................................................IAbstract.................................................................................................................II第1章绪论............................................................................................................11.1本文研究的背景和意义...............................................................................11.2电力监测装置的国内外研究现状...............................................................21.3论文研究的主要内容...................................................................................4第2章电力参数的测量原理.................................................................................62.1基本电参量的测量原理及方法...................................................................72.1.1三相交流电压电流有效值的测量........................................................82.1.2功率的测量..........................................................................................82.2电能质量指标的测量.............................................................................