句子成分和简单句

第一讲句子成分及简单句分析——Anna1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语㈠主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物•Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.•Shewentoutinahurry.•Fourplusfouriseight.•Toseeistobelieve.•Smokingisbadforhealth.•Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.•Whathehassaidistrue.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）找出句中主语Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（动名词）（不定式）（句子）(名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征•简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成•Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?•Helookedaftertwoorphans.•复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;•HecanspeakEnglishwell.•Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancingShowyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词）(代词）(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（动名词）（句子）•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.•Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.（四）表语在系动词后的部分就是表语1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.3.Timeisprecious.（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句•Heisacleverboy.•Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.•Thereare54studentsinourclass.•Doyouknownbetty’ssister?•Heboughtsomesleepingpills.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。•Iwillbebackinawhile.•Theyareplayingontheplayground.•Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.•Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.•Thisbookisveryinteresting.•Ifoundthebookinteresting.•Doyousmellsomethingburning?（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.•Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Exercises:分析句子结构1）Youareastudent.2）Hefelthappytoday.3）Whatyousaidmademehappy.4）Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.句子类型1、简单句：简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.2、并列句：并列句由并列连词或分号“；”把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：Itislate,sowemusthurry.3、复合句：复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。如：Ifwewanttokeepfit,wemustalwaysrememberthatpreventionisbetterthancure.简单句的五种基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)二:ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)三:ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)四:ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构。如:Wecome.Ｓ│Ｖ(不及物动词)1.Thesunrose.2.Whocares?4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly基本句型二：Ｓ│Ｖ(是系动词)│Ｐ(表语)1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Everythinglooksdifferent.4.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.5.Ourwellhasgonedry.基本句型三:ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)此句型的特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。Ｓ│Ｖ(及物动词)│Ｏ(宾语)1.Who│knows│theanswer?2.He│hasrefused│tohelpthem.3.He│enjoys│reading.4.He│admits│thathewasmistaken.基本句型四:ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,e.g.give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。--Givemeacupofteaplease.--Giveacupofteatomeplease.givesbsth=givesthtosb基本句型五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)此句型的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.划分句子成分1.Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.2.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn’tdareopenawindow.3.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.4.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.1.Youwilltell（your）friendthatyou’vegottoschool.2.But[asthemoongavefartoomuchlight],Ididn’tdareopenawindow.3.[Anothertimefivemonthsago],IhappenedtobeUpstairs[atdusk](whenthewindowwasopen).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,thewind,thethunderingCloudsheldme[entirely]intheirpower.主语谓语间宾定语直接宾语原因状语主语谓语宾语状语翻译以下句子•1.你的故事听起来很有趣。•Youstorysoundsveryinteresting.•2.我感到有一点累。•Ifeltabittired.•3.我妹妹是在农村长大的。•Myyoungersistergrewupinthecountry.•4.这家医院创建于1950年。•Thishospitalwassetupin1950.•5.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。•Hebrokethetrafficrulebecausehedrovehiscartoofast.Thankyou!