学术英语写作English-Academic-Writing

EnglishAcademicWriting英语学术论文写作/学术英语写作Chapter1IntroductionChapter2ResearchingtheTopicChapter3DataCollectionandEvaluationChapter4WritingStyleChapter5PaperWritingChapter6AbstractChapter7InternationalConferenceChapter8LettersforDifferentAcademicPurposesChapter1Introduction1.1DefinitionofAcademicWriting---tosummarizeorsynthesizeinformationandideasgatheredfromresearch---toexplain,compareandcontrast,evaluate,oranalyzeconcepts,events,andphenomenon---toarguefororagainstapositioninanongoingdebate1.2CharacteristicsofGoodAcademicWritingForallwritings:---Unity:aharmoniouswhole---Coherence:wellconnected,logicalrelations---Emphasis:stresstoimportantideas---Development:elaborationandexpansion---Clarity:precise,concise,lucidForAcademicWriting:---Itisbasedonextensiveresearchofprovedfactsandauthoritativetestimony.first-handexperimentsfieldresearchlibraryresearch---Theauthor’svoicetendstobeobjectiveandneutral.unemotional---Thestyletendstobeformal.academicperiodicals,accurateinformation---Appropriatediction.colloquialismsandslangexpressionsbeavoided,technicalterms,abbreviation---Syntacticallevel.longcomplexsentence,simple-presenttense,passivevoice,non-finiteverbs(participles,infinitives,gerunds)---Neatappearanceandformat.1.3DifferencesbetweenthepaperspublishedinsideandoutsideChina1.3.1PaperspublishedinChinaChineseandEnglishtitles,ChineseandEnglishabstract,ChineseandEnglishkeywords,Thebody,References,Appendix,Informationabouttheauthor1.3.2PaperspublishedoutsideChinaTitle,Abstract,Introduction,Thebody,Conclusionsandrecommendations,Acknowledgement,References,Appendix1.4ProceduresofAcademicWritingStep1:ChoiceofTopicChooseageneraltopicWritearoughproposalLimitthetopictoaplausibleoneStep2:CollectionandEvaluationofDataCollectbooks,journalsandresearcharticlesEvaluatedatacollectedPhotocopydataPreparenoteandbibliographycardsStep3:DevelopmentofOutlineDecideonorganizationofpaperArrangenotesbysubheadingsDeveloppaperoutlineStep4:WritingStudyandfollowoutlineforfirstdraftMakeadjustmentsasneededStep5:Revision,EditingandReferencesRevisecontentandorganizationAdjuststyleandtoneCorrectdiction,spelling,grammar,punctuationasnecessaryDocumentallthesourcesquotedStep6:PreparationofAbstractObserveabstractwordlimitEnsureaccuracy,brevityandclarityStep7:PreparationofFinalDetailsAssembleallpartsMakefinalrevisionPrepareReferencessectionWriteacknowledgementsChapter2ResearchingtheTopic2.1PrinciplesofTitleSelection---ValuePrinciple---ScientificPrinciple---InnovativePrinciple---FeasibilityPrinciple2.2MethodsforChoosingaTitle---Consultyourprofessororanexpert---Participateinacademicconferencesandacademiclectures---Selectfrompuzzlingproblems---Readbooksandnewspapers---Choosefromyourowninterests---Literaturereview2.3WaystoNarrowDownTitlesExample:LiteratureLiteraryCriticismLiteraryCriticismatCambridgeTheTraditionandDevelopmentofLiteraryCriticismatCambridgeExercise:Humanities2.4FormatsforTitleExamples:1)OSCILLATIONSINGRANULARDYNAMICS2)StructuralAnalysesBasedonaPointChargeModel3)Fastatombombardmentmassspectraofnebramycinwithin15words4)CoronaryArteryDisease:DietandpatientHealth2.5TablesandFigures2.5.1Tables---Atableshouldbeself-contained.---Atableisusuallyplacedinapositionnearitsrelevantdescription.---Provideeachtablewithanumber(eg:Table1,Table2,etc.)andatitle.---Thetitleshouldbeclear,concise,completeandaccurate.---Sometimesanoteisaddedatthebottomofthetable.Example:Table2-6Correlationbetweenvariables1234567Gender….….….….Age….….….….….….Urgency….….….….Sensation….….….….Commissions….….….….PIindex….….….*Note:…………………..2.5.2Figures2.5.2.1Graphs---canbeusedtocomparetwovariables2.5.2.2DrawingsandPhotographs---toillustrateorganisms,experimentalapparatus,modelsofstructures,etc.2.5.2.3Typesoffigures1)Linecharts2)Barcharts3)Piecharts2.6CauseandEffect2.6.1Cause-EffectParagraphDevelopmentPattern:Effect1Cause→Effect2Effect32.6.2Effect-CauseParagraphDevelopmentPattern:Cause1Effect→Cause2Cause3Exercise1:Analyzethestructureofthisparagraphandtrytodeterminetheeffectanditscauses.Thenfindthelinkingwordsintheparagraph.Theroleofwomenintoday’ssocietyischanging.Onereasonisthatwomenhavebeguntoassertthemselvesasindependentpeoplethroughthewomen’smovement.Also,womenareawareofthealternativestostayingathome.Anotherreasonisthatincreasingnumbersofwomenwhoenternewfieldsandinterestsserveasrolemodelsforotherwomen.Moreover,menarebecomingmoreconsciousoftheabilitiesofwomenandhavebeguntoviewtheirindependencepositively.Exercise2:Combinethefollowingtwosentencesexpressingthecause-and-effectrelationship.1)Heescapedfromhisorphanage.Hewasdistressedbythebrutalconditionsthere.2)HehadaroughlifeinMoscow.Hehadnofamilytoturnto.3)Hewasnoteasilytobecaptured.Hehadlearnednottotrustadults.Chapter3DataCollectionandEvaluation3.1PrinciplesofDataCollectionandselection3.1.1Centeredaroundthetheme3.1.2Trueandverifiable（可证实的)3.1.3Typical3.1.4Novel3.2DevelopinganOutline3.2.1TwoMainComponentsforEffectiveOutlines3.2.1.1ParallelismExample:I.ChooseDesiredCollegesII.PrepareApplicationIII.CompileResume3.2.1.2SubordinationExample:I.Describeaninf