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Unit8TeachingVocabularyWaysofpresentingVWaysofconsolidatingVVlearningstrategiesPresentingNewWords1)Toprovideavisualorphysicaldemonstration2)Usesynonymsorantonyms3)Usehyponyms4)Usewordformationrules&commonaffixes5)Providecontext6)TranslateandexemplifytechnicalwordsConsolidatingVocabulary1.Labeling.2.Spottingthedifferences.3.Describinganddrawing.4.Playingagame.6.Usingwordseries.9.Wordassociation.5.Usingwordcategories.7.Synonymsandantonyms8.Usingwordnet-work.DevelopingVocabularyLearningStrategies1.Reviewregularly.2.Guessmeaningfromthecontext3.Organizevocabularyeffectively4.UselearnedvocabularyPronunciationSpellingMeaningUsagedenotativeandconnotativemeaning•Ifawordhasareferencetoanobject,action,oreventinthephysicalworld,thiscanbedescribedasitsreferentialordenotative(外延的)meaning.Connotativemeaning(内涵意义)（suggestionsinadditiontothefundamentalmeaning)referstotheattitudesandemotionsofalanguageusersinchoosingawordandtheinfluenceoftheseonthelistenerorreaders’interpretationoftheword.从传统的词汇学角度来讲，词义包括概念意义和内涵意义。所谓概念意义，也叫外延意义（denotativeMeaning）或认知意义（cognitiveMeaning），就是词汇的最基本意义，是语言符号所代表的事物的基本特征的抽象概括，常视为词语在字典中的定义或释义。Woman:[+HUMAN],[-MALE],[+ADULT]所谓内涵意义(connotativemeaning)，是隐含于或附加在概念意义上的意义。社会、群体或个人都可以使一个词具有内涵意义，有时还是很不相同的内涵意义。这种差异既可以存在于两种语言、两种文化之间，也可以存在于一种语言和一种文化的亚文化之间。Woman:Dog:英语中的goose有愚蠢的内涵意义，但汉语中的鹅却没有这种不好的内涵意义。b)Somesentencetellstheoppositeofwhatanewwordmeans.Fromitsoppositewecanfigureoutthemeaningoftheword.Afrugalpersonwouldneverspendmoneysofreely.Ifyouarefrugalyoudonotspendfreely,Frugalmustmean“tobecarefulaboutspendingmoney”.c)Usingyourownexperiencetofigureoutthedefinitionofaword.Feelingdepressed,Carlfrowned.Youknowfromyourexperiencethatafrownusuallymeans“unhappiness”.So“unhappy”shouldbeagoodguessforthemeaningofdepressed.d).Sentencebeforeorafterasentencecontainingadifficultwordsometimesexplainthemeaningoftheword.Maryhadabubblingpersonality.Herenthusiasm,herlivelyactions,herexcitementatnewideasalwaysattractedpeople.Ineverknewsuchanebullientwoman.Thesesentencehelpsyouputtogetheradefinitionofebullient----overflowingwithexcitement.e)Somesentencesarejustwrittentogivedefinitionofdifficultwords–wordsreadersneedtoknowinordertounderstandwhattheyarereading.Impedimentsareobjectsthatstandinthewayofsomegoal.f)Becausesomesentencesgiveexamplesforanewword,youcanbuildadefinition.Selectanyoneofthoseperiodicals:playboy,Readers’Digest,TimeMagazine.Thissentencedoesn’tsaythataperiodicalisamagazine,butyoucanfigurethatouteasilyfromtheexamples.g)Somesentencesuseawordyoudoknowtohelpexplainawordyoudon’tknow.Aformidableenemyisonetobefeared.Formidable---throughtheclueinthissentence–means“fearful”,or“dreadful”.