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Unit9Trade‘Everytimewebuyaforeigncarweputsomeoneelseoutofwork.’StartingupRich&poorAWhichofthefollowingproductsyouownareimported?Whereweretheymade?BWhatareyourcountry’smajorimportsandexports?Doyouthinkproductsmadeinyourcountryarebetterthanproductsmadeinothercountries?StartingupRich&poorThegrossdomesticproduct(GDP)orgrossdomesticincome(GDI)isabasicmeasureofacountry'seconomicperformanceandisthemarketvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesmadewithinthebordersofanationinayear.Itisafundamentalmeasurementofproductionandisveryoftenpositivelycorrelatedwiththestandardofliving.GDPStartingupRich&poorCPlacethesecountriesonthechartbelow.PoorinnaturalresourcesRichinnaturalresourcesLowGDPpercapitaHighGDPpercapitaBrazilFranceGermanyGreeceItalyJapanSingaporeUKUSAChinaUSADWhyaresomeofthecountriesonthechartricher?VocabularyFreetradeFreetradeisatypeoftradepolicythatallowstraderstoactandtransactwithoutinterferencefromgovernment.Underafreetradepolicy,pricesareareflectionoftruesupplyanddemand,andarethesoledeterminantofresourceallocation.Freetradediffersfromotherformsoftradepolicywheretheallocationofgoodsandservicesamongsttradingcountriesaredeterminedbyartificialpricesthatdonotreflectthetruenatureofsupplyanddemand.Theseartificialpricesaretheresultofprotectionisttradepolicies,wherebygovernmentsinterveneinthemarketthroughpriceadjustmentsandsupplyrestrictions.Interventionsincludesubsidies,taxesandtariffs,non-tariffbarriers,suchasregulatorylegislationandquotas,andeveninter-governmentmanagedtradeagreementssuchastheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA)andCentralAmericaFreeTradeAgreement(CAFTA)(contrarytotheirformaltitles)andanygovernmentalmarketinterventionresultinginartificialpricesthatdonotreflecttheprinciplesofsupplyanddemand.VocabularyFreetradeThegeneralmeaningofLaissez-faireistoalloweventstotaketheirowncourse,ortoletpeopledowhattheychoose.ThetermisaFrenchphraseliterallymeaningletdoorleaveittobe.IneconomicsoftheChicagoSchool,ithasbecomeadoctrinethatholdsthatthestateshouldneverinterveneinthemarketplace.Thetermisoftenusedtorefertovariouseconomicphilosophiesandpoliticalphilosophieswhichseektominimizeoreliminategovernmentinterventioninmostorallaspectsofsociety.Laissez-faire自由放任A“strategicindustry”isonewhichisconsideredtobeimportantandessentialforthepromotionandstabilizationoftheeconomy,onewhichservesaspecific“strategic”purposetotheeconomy,andtherefore,needstobeprotectedtopreventitfromdisappearing.Infantindustriesarebydefinitionthosethatarenotstrongenoughtosurviveopencompetition–theyaredependentongovernmentsubsidiesandprotectionisminordertosurvive.Strategicindustry战略产业Infantindustry新生工业VocabularyFreetradeAUsethewordsintheboxtocompletethetable.barriersdumpingprotectionismquotasopenborderstariffslaisser-fairederegulationfreeportstrategicindustriesliberalizesubsidizeinfantindustriesrestrictionscustomsInfavoroffreetradeAgainstfreetradeopenbordersbarriersdumpingprotectionismquotastariffslaisser-fairederegulationfreeportstrategicindustriesliberalizesubsidizeinfantindustriesrrestrictionscustomsVocabularyFreetradeBDiscussthesequestions1Isfreetradealwaysagoodthing?2Doyouthinkitleadstothecreationofjobs,ortounemployment?3Shouldcertainindustriesbeprotected?Ifso,which?VocabularyFreetradeCMatchthefirsthalvesofthesentencestothesecondhalves.1We’retryingtobreakinto2Youshouldcarryout3Ifyouwouldliketoplace4Ifyoucan’tmeet5They’vequoted6Letusknowifyouwantustoarrange7It’sessentialtocomplywitha)allregulationsifyouwantthedeliverytogothroughwithoutproblems.b)thedeliverydate,letusknowassoonaspossible.c)insurancecoverfortheshipment.d)amarketsurveybeforeyoumakeamajorinvestmente)theJapanesemarketf)anorder,dialonenow.g)usaverygoodpricefortheconsignment.VocabularyFreetradeDFindverb+nounpartnershipsinExerciseC.Whichofthemisnormallydonebythe:a)exporter?b)importer?c)both?tobreakintoamarkettocarryoutamarketsurveytoplaceanordertomeetadeliverydatetoquoteapricetoarrangeinsurancecovertocomplywithregulationsexporterbothimporterexporterexporterbothbothReadingFairtradeBackgroundinformationFairtradeisanorganizedsocialmovementwhosestatedgoalistohelpproducersindevelopingcountriesachievebettertradingconditionsandtopromotesustainability.Membersofthemovementadvocatethepaymentofhigherpricestoexporters,aswellashighersocialandenvironmentalstandards.Themovementfocusesinparticularoncommodities,orproductswhicharetypicallyexportedfromdevelopingcountriestodevelopedcountries.Themovementseekstopromotegreaterequityininternationaltradingpartnershipsthroughdialogue,transparency,andrespect.Itpromotessustainabledevelopmentbyofferingbettertradingconditionsto,andsecuringtherightsof,marginalizedproducersandworkersindevelopingcountriesLanguagereviewConditionsConditionalsentenceisacommonstructureweuseinnegotiating.Mostconditionalsentenceshavetwoparts:theif-clauseandthemainclause,tolinkaconcessionwearepreparedtomake,withtheconditionformakingit.If+presentsimple,will+infinitiveverbButthestructuregenerallyimpliesthattheactionintheif-clauseisquiteprobable.e.g.Ifyouworkhard,youmaypassthetest.Ifitrainstomorrow,themeeti