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定语从句定语的位置Ilikethegreenteam.Iliketheteamingreen.Iliketheteamwhowerewearinggreen.这是我的杯子Thisismycup.这是装满水的杯子。Thisisthecupfulloftea.这是我喝茶用的杯子。ThisisthecupwhichIdrinkteawith.•当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。定语从句的定义•定语从句，也称关系从句和形容词性从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导，用来限制，描绘或说明主句中的某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明整个句子或主句中的一部分），即句子作定语。ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。先行词+定语从句（名词/代词）+（关系词＋其他成分）关系词引导定语从句,起着连接主从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。先行词关系词定语从句•1.连接作用:引导从句并同时连接主句.•2.指代作用:在从句中指代它前面的先行词.•3.成分作用:在从句中充当成分.如:主语(who,that,which);宾语(who,whom,which,that);表语(that,as);定语(whose,…ofwhom/which);时间状语(when),地点状语(where)和原因状语(why).说明:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,其他成分一般不可省略.判断是定语从句的三要素•1.看是否有先行词。•2看是否有关系词。•3看是否关系词在定语从句中做成分。ThisisthecupwhichIdrinkteawith.ThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.先行词关系词定语从句先行词关系词先行词关系词关系词在定语从句里做宾语。关系词在定语从句中做定语。•October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.•Thisistheplacewheremymotherwasborn.•Idon'tknowthereasonwhyshelooksunhappytoday先行词关系词定语从句关系副词在定语从句中时间状语。先行词关系词关系副词在定语从句中地点状语。定语从句先行词关系词关系副词在定语从句中原因状语。定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词thatthat人+物否whose/ofwhichwhose作定语是which/thatWho(m)/that作宾语否是否可略which/thatwho/that作主语物人句子成分先行词作表语thatthat/which是在定语从句中用什么关系词的方法•1.看先行词是什么.•2.看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分.主语(who,that,which);宾语(who,whom,which,that);表语(that,as);定语(whose,…ofwhom/which);时间状语(when),地点状语(where)和原因状语(why).Titanicistheship___________sankafterhittinganiceberg.that/whichRoseandJackarethelovers_________metontheship.who/that3.Thehousetheybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.1.Theearthquakehitthecityin2008wasthebiggestinChinesehistory.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeoplelosttheirhomesin1906earthquakethat/whichthat/who（which/that）4.Thestudentsaretalkingaboutthestrangestoriesandpersons______theymetinthevillage.5.Harryistheboy_______motherisourmathsteacher.6.Luckilynoneofthepeople_____________Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.(who/whom/that)whose(that)1.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时用that，而不用whichThefirstplace_____theyvisitedwasYangzhou.Thisisthethirdfilm______hasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.Themostimportantthing________shouldbedonenowistostudyEnglish.(that)thatthat(that)Thisisthebestfilm________Ihaveseen.2.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时用that，而用which３.先行词由指人和指物的名词并列构成时用that，而不用whichThewriterandhisnovel_____youhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.Thebikeanditsrider_____hadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.Thereisnothing_____theywanttobuy.Thatisall_____Iwanttosay.(that)(that)(that)that4.先行词是all,much,little,few,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词用that，而不用which5.先行词被any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery,theonly,justthe等词修饰时Theonlything_____wecoulddowastowait.Thisisoneofthepresents_____myboyfriendgavemeonmybirthday.6.如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthings_____hadneverbeenseenbefore.(that)(that)that7.主句已有疑问词which时,避免与先行词重复。Whichisthebook____heputherejustnow?that8.主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代物。There’sstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree。•10.被修饰词为数词时。YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用that，不宜用which的情况：先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用which而不宜用that的情况ThisistheliberaryfromwhichIborrowedthebook.IsthistheroominwhichMrWhitelives?Crusoe'sdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.1、当关系代词前面有介词时，且关系代词一律不能省略。2、在非限制性定语从句中。3、当关系代词指代前面整个句子时Hepassedtheexam,______madehisfatherveryhappy.which小结：关系代词指物时用法要点定语从句中先行词指物宜用that，不宜用which的情况.1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词时.2.先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时.3.先行词既有人又有物时4.先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等代词时5.先行词any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery,theonly,justthe等词修饰时6.如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。7.主句已有疑问词which时8.主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代物。9.被修饰词为数词时。先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用which而不宜用that的情况。1.关系代词前有介词时,只用which，且关系代词一律不能省略。2.在非限定性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。3.当关系代词指代前面整个句子时。先行词指人时定语从句中关系代词宜用who而不宜用that的情况：１、先行词为one,ones,anyone或those时。ThepersonIwanttolearnfromisonewhostudieshardandworkswell.Anyonewhofailedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce.2.在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。There'sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclause.关系代词与介词1.当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。(固定短语中的介词不可提前)例如：IwanttofindthepenwithwhichIwrotethatletter.2.介词在末尾时，可用that/which（代物），that/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾语，且这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。例如：Themanwhom/who/that/可省hewantstoseeisinShanghai.•关系代词as引导限制性定语从句•Shewearsthesamekindofclothesashersisterwears.(不是同一件)(Cf.SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.（同一件）•Suchpeopleaswererecommendedbyhimwerereliable.)•Heisasgreatapainteraseverlived.•Inthecity,IoncesawsograndaNationalDaycelebrationasIneverdreamtof..定语从句的分类：（1）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整。限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。（2）非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的。非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号。Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（一）（限制性）（非限制性）1.which引导的非限定性定