毕业设计-常压储罐设计

学号：※※※※常州大学毕业设计（论文）（2012届）题目燃料气稳压罐设计学生※※※学院※※※※※专业班级※※※校内指导教师※※※专业技术职务※※校外指导老师专业技术职务二○一二年六月I燃料气稳压罐的设计摘要：本设计说明书是关于燃料气温压罐的设计，主要进行储罐的材料选择、结构设计、强度计算、焊接工艺评定及检验。本设计说明书是依据设计内容的的顺序所编制。首先根据任务书对设计的基本参数进行了确定，根据基本参数及介质特性对储罐筒体、封头及主要附件的材料进行了选取，然后确定了储罐的基本尺寸及结构，接下来是对设计中所需要的附件进行选取及校核，如人孔、支座、法兰、盘管等。强度校核是对筒体、封头、支座等进行应力校核，以确保设计的合理性及安全性。最后是焊接工艺评定任务书及预焊接工艺规程的编制，检验、压力试验的一般规定说明。关键词：基本参数；强度校核；焊接工艺评定；压力试验IIThedesignofthefuelgasstabilizationtankThedesignspecificationisaboutfueltemperaturepressuretankdesign,materialselection,structuraldesignofthetanks,strengthcalculation,weldingprocedurequalificationandinspection.Thedesignspecificationofthetankispreparedaccordingtotheorderofthedesigncontent.Accordingtothemissionstatementonthebasicparametersofthedesigntodeterminethebasicparametersandmediacharacteristicsofthetankcylinder,headandmainattachmentmaterialsselected,andthendeterminethesizeandstructureofthetank,followedbyselectingandcheckingthedesignoftherequiredaccessories,suchasmanhole,bearings,flangecoil,etc..Thestrengthcheckofstressonthecylinder,head,bearingcheckingensurethattherationalityofthedesignandsafety.Finally,itisthegeneralprovisionsofweldingprocedureassignment,preliminaryweldingprocedurespecification,inspectionandpressuretesting.Keywords:basicparameters;strengthcheck;weldingprocedurequalification;pressuretestIII目录摘要············································ⅠAbstract···········································Ⅱ目次···········································Ⅲ1引言·················································11.1储罐概述···············································11.1.1储罐分类···············································11.1.2储罐结构·········································21.2液化石油气概述·········································21.2.1主要用途·········································21.2.2主要成分····································32设计参数确定及材料选择····································32.1设计参数确定·············································32.1.1设计压力的确定····································32.1.2设计温度的确定····································32.1.3工作介质性质确定····································32.1.4压力容器类别·············································42.2材料选择··············································42.2.1筒体、封头材料选择··································42.2.2附件材料选择······································43结构设计·················································43.1设计厚度计算··········································43.1.1液柱静压力计算·······································43.1.2筒体设计厚度计算·······································43.1.3封头选型···········································53.1.4封头设计厚度计算···········································53.2基本尺寸设计···········································53.2.1设计结构草图···········································53.3附件设计及选择······································63.3.1接管法兰选型··································63.3.2紧固件选配······································83.3.3接管选型及校核······································103.3.4垫片选配······································103.3.5人孔选型······································123.3.6盘管及其固定结构······································133.3.7支座选型······································154强度计算····················································164.1筒体应力校核·········································16IV4.2封头应力校核·········································174.3支座应力校核·············································195焊接工艺评定，无损检测及压力试验··································205.1焊接工艺评定···········································205.1.1焊接工艺评定一般过程····································205.1.2预焊接工艺规程评定表····································215.2无损检测···········································315.2.1基本检测···········································315.2.2重复检测···········································315.3压力试验········································315.3.1试验介质···········································315.3.2试验压力···········································315.3.3应力校核···········································315.3.4试验温度···········································315.3.5试验方法···········································315.3.6合格标准···········································316.结论···········································32参考文献······································35致谢··········································36常州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）第1页共37页1引言1.1储罐概述用于储存液体或气体的钢制密封容器即为钢制储罐[1]，防腐储罐工程是石油、化工、粮油、消防、交通、冶金、国防等行业必不可少的、重要的基础设施，我们的经济生活总是离不开大大小小的钢制储罐，钢制储罐在国民经济发展中所起的重要作用是无可替代的。钢制储罐是储存各种液体（或气体）原料及成品的准用设备，对于许多企业来讲没有储罐就无法正常生产。燃料气稳压罐是盘锦某公司6万吨/年丁基橡胶项目中的一个重要环节。燃料气稳压罐的设计既涉及到很多相关的国家和行业标准，例如：TSGR0004-2009《固定式压力容器安全技术监察规程》、GB150《钢制压力容器》、JB/T4731《钢制卧式容器》等等，又与项目的其他设备相关联。燃料气稳压罐是卧式容器[1]中一个典型的产品，对该产品的设计和制造工序的掌握和熟悉，可以使学生在压力容器方面设计的能力和制造工艺[19]掌握进一步得到提高，在参加工作时能够更快更好的适应工作、参与到工作之中。熟悉过程装备设计及制造的相关知识，由此可以看出压力容器在化工，石油化工生产中非常重要，我们必须了解压力容器的特性和结构。1.1.1储罐分类由于储存介质的不同，储罐的形式也是多种多样的。按位置分类：可分为地上储罐、地下储罐、半地下储罐、海上储罐、海底储罐等。按油品分类：可分为原油储罐、燃油储罐、润滑油罐、食用油罐、消防水罐等。按用途分类：可分为生产油罐、存储油罐等。按形式分类：可分为立式储罐、卧式储罐等。按结构分类：可分为固定顶储罐、浮顶储罐、球形储罐等。按大小分类：1003m以上为大型储罐，多为立式储罐；1003m以下的为小型储罐，多为卧式储罐。按储罐的材料：储罐工程所需材料分为罐体材料和附属设施材料。罐体材料可按抗拉屈服强度或抗拉标准强度分为低强钢和高强钢，高强钢多用于50003m以