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河南理工大学检测与转换技术翻译作业姓名：王子洲、张亚辉学号：311108001820、311108002026专业班级：自动化11-1班所在学院：电气与自动化学院2014年01月10日检测与转换技术翻译作业2HallCurrentSensorandItsApplicationInthemodernsociety,theinformationdemandishugerandhuger,andsensorsplayanimportantroleintheinformationacquisition.Theycanturnallkindsofphysicalinformation,accordingtocertainrules,intomeasurableelectricalsignal.Basedonthechangesofelectricalsignalswemeasured,andtherelatedphysicalinformationrelationship,wecangainthemeasuredphysicalinformationchangesorsize.Accordingtotheworkingprincipleofthesensor,wecandividethesensorsintomanytypes,suchasphotoelectricsensor,chargesensors,potentialtypesensor,semiconductorsensor,theelectricitysensor,magneticsensor,resonantsensor,electricchemicalformulasensoretc.HallsensoristheuseofhallelementbasedontheHalleffectprinciple,whichcanconcertthephysicalinformation,suchascurrent,magneticfield,thedisplacement,pressure,etc,intoelectromotiveforceoutput.Itbelongstothepotentialtypesensor.Atpresent,thiskindofsensorismainlyhallintegratedcircuitandthecoreunitisbasedontheHalleffect,whichismadethroughtheintegratedcircuittechnology.Soitisnotonlyakindofintegratedcircuit,butakindofmagneticsensor.Accordingtotheactualapplication,thisarticleismainlyaboutthehallcurrentsensor.1.HalleffectWhenweplaceametalorsemiconductorwaferinamagneticfield,andifthereisacurrentthroughit,itwillproduceelectromotiveforceintheperpendiculardirectionoftheelectricandmagneticfield,callingthiskindofphysicalphenomenonHalleffect.Figure1Halleffectprinciplediagram检测与转换技术翻译作业3UndertheactionoftheLorentzforcegeneratedinthemagneticfield,thecarrierofenergizedsemiconductorchip,deflectandaccumulaterespectivelyonbothsidesofthechip,thusformingaelectricfield,calledtheHallelectricfield.HallelectricfieldproduceselectricfieldforcewhichiscontrarytotheLorentzforce,hinderingcarriertocontinuetopileup,untilthehallelectricfieldforceequalwiththeLorentzforce.Atthistime,itwillsetupastablevoltageonbothsidesofthechip,andthisisthehallvoltage.2.HallcurrentsensorAlongwiththeurbanpopulationandtheexpansionoftheconstructionscaleofthecity,andtheincreasingofallkindsofelectricequipment,powerconsumptionisbiggerandbigger.Thepowersupplyequipmentofthecityoftenoverload,whilepowerenvironmentbecomesmoreandmorebad,thetesttothepowerbeingmoreandmoreserious.Thus,theproblemsinthepowersupplycomeoutmoreandmoreapparently.Now,smallpowersupplyequipmenthasbeencombinedwithmoreandmorenewtechnology.Forexample,switchpowersupply,hardswitch,softswitch,parametervoltageregulator,linearfeedbackvoltageregulator,magneticamplifiertechnology,numericalcontrolpressureregulation,PWM,SPWM,electromagneticcompatibility,etc.Theactualdemandsdirectlypromotepowertechnologydevelopmentandprogress.Inordertodetectanddisplaycurrentautomatically,andtheautomaticprotectionfunctionandmoreadvancedintelligentcontrolwhentheharmsuchasovercurrent,overvoltageoccurs,thepowersupplytechnologywithsensingdetection,sensingsamplingandsensingprotectionbecomesatrend.Sensorsofdetectingcurrentorvoltage,calledHallcurrentsensor,comeintobeing,andquicklybecomethefavoriteofthedesignersofthepowersupplyinourcountry.2.1TheperformancecharacteristicsofHallcurrentsensorHallcurrentsensorhassuperiorperformance,anditisakindofadvancedelectricdetectingelement,whichcanisolatethemaincircuitloopandelectroniccontrolcircuit.Ithasalltheadvantagesoftransformersandshunts,andatthesametime,overcomestheirdisadvantages(transformercanbeonlyappliedtothepowerfrequencymeasurement,50Hz;shuntisunabletodoisolationmeasurement).UsingthesameonehallcurrentsensormoduledetectingelementnotonlycantestAC,butalsocandetectDC,evencandetecttransientpeak.Ithasthefollowingperformancecharacteristics.●Measurethearbitrarywaveformcurrent,suchasDC,AC,andeventotransientpeakparametersmeasurement;●Highprecision.GeneralHallcurrentsensormodule’sprecisionintheworkareaishigherthan1%,andtheprecisionissuitableforanywaveformmeasurement;●Thelinearityisbetterthan0.5%;●Gooddynamicperformance.ThedynamicresponsetimeofgeneralHall检测与转换技术翻译作业4sensormoduleislessthan7μs,andthetrackingspeeddi/dtisabove50A/μs;●Workingbandwide.Itcanworkinthefrequencyrangefrom0to20KHZverywell;●Strongoverloadability.Widemeasurementrange（0～±10000A）;●Highreliability.Theaveragetrouble-freeworkingismorethan5x10000hours;●Smallsize,lightweight,easytoinstallanditwillnotbringanylosstothesystem.Inviewoftheabovehighperformancecharacteristics,theHallcurrentsensorsgainthewideapplications.2.2TheprincipleofHallcurrentsensorHallcurrentsensorcanmeasureallkindsofcurrent,fromDCtoACofdozensofthousandHertz.ThebasisprincipleofworkingismainlyHalleffectprinciple.2.2.1OpenloopcurrentsensorWhentheprimarysidecurrentIpflowsthroughalongwire,itwillproduceamagneticfieldaroundthewire,andthesizeofthemagneticfieldisproportionaltothecurrentthroughthewire,themagneticfieldgatheringinsidethemagneticring.ThroughtheHallelementbetweenthemagneticringgap,itmeasuresandoutputtheamplificationresult,theoutputvoltageVsreflectingtheprimarysidecurrentIpaccurately.Thegeneralratedoutputis4V.Figure2openloopcurrentsensorprinciplediagramThiswayha