tpo综合写作

tpo综合写作•Carmanufacturersandgovernmentshavebeeneagerlyseekingareplacementfortheautomobile’smainsourceofpower,theinternal-combustionengine.Byfar,themostpromisingalternativesourceofenergyforcarsisthehydrogen-basedfuel-cellengine,whichuseshydrogentocreateelectricitythat,inturn,powersthecar.Fuel-cellengineshaveseveraladvantagesoverinternal-combustionenginesandwillprobablysoonreplacethem.•归纳：•seekingareplacement•hydrogen-basedfuel-cellengine•氢燃料电池发动机将替代内燃机发动机•Oneofthemainproblemswiththeinternal-combustionengineisthatitreliesonpetroleum,eitherintheformofgasolineordieselfuel.Petroleumisafiniteresource,someday;wewillrunoutofoil.Thehydrogenneededforfuel-cellenginescannoteasilybedepleted.Hydrogencanbederivedfromvariousplentifulsources,includingnaturalgasandevenwater.Thefactthatfuel-cellenginesutilizeeasilyavailable,renewableresourcesmakesthemparticularlyattractive.•Petroleumisafiniteresource•hydrogenneededforfuel-cellenginescannoteasilybedepleted.•-Subpoint1:氢燃料来源丰富，不会用尽•Second,hydrogen-basedfuelcellsareattractivebecausetheywillsolvemanyoftheworld’spollutionproblems.Anunavoidableby-productofburningoiliscarbondioxide,andcarbondioxideharmstheenvironment.Ontheotherhand,theonlybyproductoffuel-cellenginesiswater.•hydrogen-basedfuelcellswillsolvemanyoftheworld’spollutionproblems•氢燃料电池发动机不会污染环境•Third,fuel-cellengineswillsoonbeeconomicallycompetitivebecausepeoplewillspendlessmoneytooperateafuel-cellenginethantheywilltooperateaninternal-combustionengine.Thisistrueforonesimplereason.Afuel-cellautomobileisnearlytwiceasefficientinusingitsfuelasanautomobilepoweredbyaninternal-combustionengineis.Inotherwords,thefuel-cellpoweredcarrequiresonlyhalfthefuelenergythattheinternal-combustionpoweredcardoestogothesamedistance.•peoplewillspendlessmoney•Afuel-cellautomobileisnearlytwiceasefficient•Subpoint3:氢燃料电池发动机能量利用率高，更为经济•Thereadingiscorrectinpointingouttheproblemsassociatedwithoil-poweredcars.Yes,oilisafiniteresource,andyes,burningoilharmstheenvironment.However,thereadingiswaytoooptimisticinitsassessmentofhydrogen-basedfuel-cellengines.Hydrogenisnotthesolutiontotheseproblems.•Hydrogenisnotthesolutiontotheseproblems.•First,hydrogenisnotaseasilyavailableasthepassageindicates.Althoughit’spresentincommonsubstanceslikewater,it’snotdirectlyuseableinthatform.Forusingafuel-cellengine,hydrogenmustfirstbeobtainedinapureliquidstate.Thispureliquidhydrogenisahighlyartificialsubstance.It’stechnologicallyverydifficulttoproduceandstoreliquidhydrogen.Forexample,itmustbekeptveryverycoldatminus253degreesCelsius.Imaginetheelaboratecoolingtechnologythat’srequiredforthat!So,hydrogenisnotsuchapracticalandeasilyavailablesubstance,isit?•notaseasilyavailable•pureliquidstate,•minus253degrees•Second,usinghydrogenwouldnotsolvethepollutionproblemsassociatedwithcars.Why?Producingpurehydrogencreatesalotofpollution.Togetpurehydrogenfromwaterornaturalgas,youhavetouseapurificationprocessthatrequireslotsofenergythat’sobtainedbyburningcoaloroil.Andburningcoalandoilcreateslotsofpollution.Soalthoughthecarswouldnotpollute,thefactoriesthatgeneratedthehydrogenforthecarswouldpollute.•Subpointtwo:•notsolve,•createsalotofpollution,factories,•hydrogen,•pollute•Third,therewon’tnecessarilybeanycostsavingswhenyouconsiderhowexpensiveitistomanufacturethefuel-cellengine.That’sbecausefuel-cellenginesrequirecomponentsmadeofplatinum,averyrareandexpensivemetal.Withouttheplatinumcomponentsintheengine,thehydrogendoesn’tundergothechemicalreactionthatproducestheelectricitytopowertheautomobile.Alltheeffortstoreplaceplatinumwithacheapermaterialhavesofarbeenunsuccessful.won’t,platinum,doesn’tundergo,unsuccessful•-Mainpoint:氢燃料电池发动机将替代内燃机发动机•-Subpoint1:氢燃料来源丰富，不会用尽•-Subpoint2:氢燃料电池发动机不会污染环境•-Subpoint3:氢燃料电池发动机能量利用率高，更为经济•Mainpoint:notthesolution•Subpointone:notaseasilyavailable,pureliquidstate,minus253degrees•Subpointtwo:notsolve,createsalotofpollution,factories,hydrogen,pollute•Subpointthree:won’t,platinum,doesn’tundergo,unsuccessful•seekingareplacement：hydrogen-basedfuel-cellengine•Petroleumisafiniteresourcehydrogenneededforfuel-cellenginescannoteasilybedepleted.hydrogen-basedfuelcellswillsolvemanyoftheworld’spollutionproblems1.peoplewillspendlessmoney2.Afuel-cellautomobileisnearlytwiceasefficient范文•Thelecturerpointsoutseveralproblemswiththeuseofhydrogen-basedfuel-cellenginesinsupportofherclaimthatsubstitutingthemforinternal-combustionenginesistechnologicallyunfeasible,environmentallyunfriendly,andeconomicallyunviable.•First,thelecturerstatesthatitisimpracticaltoreplaceinternal-combustionengineswithfuel-cellenginesbecauseusingthelatterrequireshydrogeninapureliquidform,whichistechnologicallychallengingtobothobtainandstore.However,thereadingarguesthatbecausehydrogencanbeextractedfrommanyresourcesincludingwater,fuelcellenginespoweredbythisinfinitesourceofenergyareanextremelyattractivealternative.••Second,thelecturerrefutestheclaiminthereadingthathydrogencellsareenvironmentallyfriendly.Shearguesthatalthoughenginesthatusehydrogencellsproducelesspollution,themanufacturingofhydrogencellsgenerateslarge