基于信息通信技术的组织决策权配置研究

华中科技大学博士学位论文基于信息通信技术的组织决策权配置研究姓名：马连杰申请学位级别：博士专业：管理科学与工程指导教师：张子刚20041028IInformation&CommunicationTechnology,ICT209021ICTICTICTICTCComputingCommunicationCoordinationICTIIICTICTIIIAbstractInformationandCommunicationTechnologyICThasdevelopedrapidlyinthelastfourdecades.AlthoughanumberofrecentstudiesindicatethattheICTcanexertamajorimpactonmanagementinnovationandplaystheimportantrolesinthedecision-makingprocess,However,fewstudieshasbeenconductedregardingtherelationshipbetweenICTandpowerdistributionofdecision-making.Attheendof1990sandthebeginningoftwenty-firstcentury,theorganizationshavebeenfacingadynamicenvironmentwiththeusageoftheInternetandeconomicglobalization,andthisphenomenachallengethetraditionaldecision-makingtheory.ThereforethestudyontheimpactofICTonthepowerdistributionisbecomingonekeyresearchtopic.ThepurposeofthisdissertationistoexploretherelationshipbetweenICTusageandthecentralizationanddecentralizationofallkindsoforganizations,andanalyzethecomprehensiveimpactofICTonpowerdistributionoforganizationaldecision-making.Thisstudydiscussesrolesofthedevelopmentofelectronicgovernment(E-government)intheinformationpublicityandthecitizenparticipation.ThisdissertationexplorestheideasofdecentralizationfortheChineseeconomictransition,andputforwardtherecommendationsforthereformofgovernmentaldecision-makinginChina.Traditionaldecision-makingtheoryincludestheexpectationdecisiontheoryandthebehavioraldecisiontheory,sincetheoreticalbackground,methodologyandrecognitionlimitation,andnostudywasconductedforthepowerdistributionofdecision-making.Withtheadventofinformationsocietyandknowledge-basedeconomy,informationdisseminationandKnowledgesharingisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantintheorganizationaldecision-makingprocesses.ThisstudyintroducestheICTasthekeyenvironmentalfactorsintothetraditionaldecisiontheory,anddevelopsonemultiple-disciplineanalysisframethatinvolvedinthephilosophy,psychology,sociology,socialpsychology,law,anthropology,andpublicadministrationandpoliticalscience.Thestudyredefinesthemeaningofthe“C”intheICT;the“C”referstotheComputing,CommunicationandCoordination.BasedontheICT,theorganizationcanimprovethecapabilityofinformationtransmissionandorganizationalcoordinationandknowledgeIVsharing,andtheseinturnpromotethefundamentalreformofdistributionofthedecision-making.ThemanagementinnovationbytheICTcanbothpromotetherevolutionofenterprisesandtherevolutionofthepublicorganizations.Althoughmanyfactorsaffecthowdecision-makingpowerisdistributedinorganizationssuchasgovernmentregulations,nationalcultures,organizationaltraditions,andindividualpersonalities,threeimportantfactorsareintroducedinthisstudy.Threefactorsaredecisioninformation,organizationaltrustandself-motivation.Accordingtothedecisioninformationflows,thisstudycategorythethreetypesofdecision-makingbasedontheICT,whichareisolateddecentralizeddecision-making,centralizeddecision-makingandtheconnecteddecentralizeddecision-making.Thethreetypesdecision-makingisevolvedfollowingreductionoftheinformationcostandknowledgecoordination.Ifthedecisionmakerscangettheremoteinformationfromanywhereintheworld,bothprivateorganizationsandthepublicorganizationswillcometowardtothedecentralization.Thetraditionalorganizationaltheoriesviewthetopmanagerasthefinaldecisionmaker,sincethetopmanagerholdstheimportantinformationandknowledge.Themanagerialcontrollevelandtheoperationallevelonlycangetthepowerfromthetoplevel,orjustdotheroutinetask.Thereforethetraditionaldecisiontheoryemphasisthedelegationorempowermentinthetop-downdirection.Thepowerdistributionoforganizationaldecision-makingisjustthebalancebetweeninformationcostandthedelegationcost,antitisastaticequilibrium;whileintheinformationage,thekeyofpowerdistributionofdecision-makingisthelocationofknowledgeintheorganization.Duetothereductionofthecostofthecollection,transmissionandcoordinationofinformationandknowledge,theknowledge-workerandexpertsinthelowerlevelcancreatedecisionpower.Thisdissertationputforwardthebottom-upempowermentwhichmeansthelowerleveldecisionmakersholdsthedecisionpower,thedecisionmakerinthetopleveldotheroutinetask.Therefore,intheinformationage,theempowermentwilloccurinbothtop-downandbottom-updirections.Somenetworkedorganizationshavealreadyprovedit.E-governmentisatotallynewgovernmentalpatternbasedontheICTanditexertsdeeplytheimpactonthegovernmentaldecision-makingprocessesintheworld.Thehistory,theeconomicdevelopmentlevelandtheeconomicsystemandtheadministrativesysteminfluencethereformofthegovernmentaldecision-making.Ifonecountryisdevelopedfollowedthemarket-economysystem,theimpactofe-governmentdevelopmentinthisVcountrycouldbedecentralization;ifthecountryisfacingthetransitionfromplanned-economytomarketeconomy,thoughthefinaldirectioncouldbedecentralization,thecurrenttaskmaybethecentralizationfirst.Ofcourse,thepremisesofthedecentralizationaretheeconomicsystemreformandtheadministrativereform.Thepowerdistributionofdecision-makinginthegovernmentisalsoaffectedbythedecisioninformation,organizationaltrustandmotivation.Thisstudyfindsthatthepowerdistributionb