冠词和数词一、冠词的用法冠词是限定词的一种,不能单独使用,常用于修饰名词。冠词有两种:不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。【考点一】定冠词的基本用法(1)表示上文提到过的人或事物eg:Ihaveabook,andthebookiswrittenbyMoYan.我有一本莫言写的书。(2)用于说话人和听话人都知道的人或物eg:Doyouknowtheboyunderthetree?你认识那个在树下的男孩吗?(3)用于世界上独一无二的事物前eg:theearth地球,thesun太阳,themoon月亮。(4)用于表示方位的名词前面eg:inthefrontof在……前面,intheeast在东方,ontheleft在左边。(5)用于序数词或形容词最高级前eg:Heisthefirststudenttogettoschool.他是第一个到达学校的学生。Heisthetalleststudentinhisclass.他是班里最高的学生。(6)用于普通名词构成的专有名词前eg:theGreatWall长城(7)用于形容词前,使其名词化eg:Weshouldhelptheold.我们应该帮助老人。(8)用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等名词前eg:theChangjiangRiver长江,thePacificOcean太平洋(9)用于复数姓氏前,表示“一家人”eg:TheGreensarehavingdinner.格林一家人正在吃晚饭。(10)用于西洋乐器类名词前eg:Ilikeplayingthepiano.我喜欢弹钢琴。(11)in+the+年份复数形式,表示“在多少世纪多少年代”eg:Thisstoryhappenedinthe1920s.这个故事发生在20世纪20年代。(12)用于一些固定短语中eg:inthemorning在早晨,intheend最后,bytheway顺便提一下,atthesametime同时典例精讲:Anewroadwasbuiltbetweenourvillageandthetown.roadiswideandclean.A.不填B.TheC.AOneoftheadvantagesofplayingguitaristhatitcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.A.aB.theC.不填Londonheld30thOlympicGamesin.A.aB.anC.theD./【考点二】不定冠词的基本用法(1)泛指人或事物的某一种类eg:Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.飞机是一种可以飞行的机器。Iwanttobeateacher.我想成为一名教师。(2)指某一人或事物,但不具体说明eg:Heisateacherinourschool.他是我们学校的一名老师。(3)用于一些表示重量、长度、时间等的单位名词前,表示“每一”eg:Igoshoppingonceaweek.我一周去购物一次。(4)表数量,相当于one,但语气较弱eg:Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。(5)使抽象名词具体化eg:Therewasastrongsnowlastnight.昨晚下了一场大雪。(6)在一些固定搭配中eg:alittle一点,afew一些,havealook看一看,haveagoodtime玩得开心典例精讲:1.—Becareful!Thereisdoglyingontheground.—Thanksalot.A.aB.anC.theD./2.—Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture,John?—Iwanttobefashiondesigner.Itis_____amazingjob.A.a;theB.an;aC.a;anD.an;the【考点三】零冠词的基本用法(1)表示泛指、种类的复数名词之前eg:Ilikeanimals.我喜欢动物。(2)不含普通名词的专有名词前eg:MaryisfromAmerica.玛丽来自美国。(3)名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时eg:Thisismypen.这是我的钢笔。(4)季节、月份、星期等名词前一般不用冠词eg:Iusuallygocampinginspring.春天我通常去野营。(5)称呼用语前不用冠词eg:What’sthematter,Mom?怎么了,妈妈?(6)一日三餐前不用冠词eg:Hedidn’thavebreakfastthismorning.他今天早上没吃早餐。(7)球类运动和棋类的名词前不用冠词eg:Myfatherlikesplayingchess.我父亲喜欢下棋。(8)在一些成对出现的词语前不用冠词eg:Ilikeeatingfruitandvegetables.我喜欢吃水果和蔬菜。(9)一些名词前不加冠词表示有特定的意义。eg:gotoschool去上学,gototheschool去那所学校,gotohospital去医院看病,gotothehospital去那所医院(不一定看病)类似的有bed,table,class,university等。典例精讲:Iusuallydon’tgotoschoolonSunday.A.aB.theC./二、数词的用法数词是表示数量或顺序的单词,分为基数词和序数词两种。【考点一】基数词表达法范围特点例词1—12无规律one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13—19以teen结尾thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen20—90之间的整十数以ty结尾twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety21—99之间的两位数(整十位除外)十位与个位之间要加连字符“”twentyfive,ninetynine101—999百位和十位之间通常用and连接onehundredandeleven千以上右后向前每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读thousand(千),第二个fourthousandtwohundredandfiftyfive(4,255)读million(百万),第三个读billion(十亿),然后一节一节读典例精讲:treeshavebeenplantednearhere,sotheairisveryfresh.A.TwohundredsB.HundredofC.HundredsofD.Hundreds【考点二】序数词表达法范围特点例词1、2、3无规律first,second,third4—19一般在基数词后加thfourth,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth,nineteenth20—90整十数把基数词后的y变成ie,再加thtwentieth,ninetieth21及其后的多位数个位数用序数词,其余用基数词21st:twentyfirst,110th:onehundredandtenth典例精讲:1.Now,everybody,pleaseturntoPageandlookatthepicture.A.Fifth;fiveB.Five;fifthC.Fifth;fifthD.Five;five2.Igotabeautifulbikeonbirthday.Ilikeitverymuch.A.fifteenthB.fifteenC.myfifteenD.myfifteenth【考点三】分数表达法1/2:ahalf/onehalf1/4:afourth/onefourth/aquarter/onequarter3/4:threequarters/threefourths分数表达法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于一,分母加“-s”。典例精讲:1.—Thereare60studentsinmyclassand44ofthemuseweiboveryoften.—44?Thatmeansabout________ofyourclassmatesareweibousers,right?A.halfB.onethirdC.twothirdsD.threequarters2.About________ofthestudentsinourclasswereborninthe________.A.twothirds,1990sB.twothirds,1990C.twothird,1990s【考点四】特殊用法(1)in+物主代词+数词的复数形式,表示“在某人多少岁时”eg:Hebegantowriteinhisforties.他在四十多岁时开始写作。(2)in+the+年份复数,表示“在多少世纪多少年代”eg:Thestoryhappenedinthe1920s.这个故事发生在二十世纪二十年代。(3)序数词前要加the,如果序数词前有物主代词或所有格修饰时,不用加the。eg:Iliveonthetenthfloor.我住在十层。ThisismysecondtimetovisitBeijing.这是我第二次参观北京。(4)序数词前出现不定冠词时,表示“又一,再一”的意思。eg:Ihavetrieditthreetimes.CanItryafourthtime?我已经试了三次。我可以再试第四次吗?(5)分数作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要根据分数后面的名词来决定,如果名词是复数,谓语动词用复数形式,如果是不可数名词,谓语动词则用单数形式。eg:Twothirdsofthestudentsareboys.三分之二的学生是男生。Onefifthofthewaterispolluted.五分之一的水被污染了。典例精讲:一、在下列各题的横线上填上a,an,the或/(注意大小写)1.Tomworksas________workerintherestaurantandheispaidby________hour.2.Franceis________Europeancountry.Indiais________Asiancountry.3.Joeis________honestboy.Wealllikehim.4.After________dinner,hestayedathomeandplayed________violin.5.________bookonthedeskis________usefulone.二、单项选择6.Thisis________oldcomputer.Iwantanewone.A.aB.anC./D.the7.—What’sthedatetoday?—It’sJune________,.A.seventeenB.theseventeenC.theseventeenth8.—Doesyourfathergotoworkby________careveryday?—No,hesometimestakes________bus.A.a;theB.the;aC.不填;aD.a;不填9.________ofthelandinthatdistrictiscoveredwithtreesandgrass.A.FifthtwoB.TwofifthC.FifthsecondD.Twofifths10.RunningManis________verypopularTVprograminChina.Oneof________mostfamousactresses,Angelababy,alwaysappearsinit.A.a;/B.the;theC.a;theD.the;/三、用英语写出下列数字11.96________________________12.1,300____________________________13.300,000_______________