专四--主谓一致

主谓一致1.不定式短语、动词-ing形式或名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Remembering/TorememberEnglishwordsisnoteasy.Whowilldothejobhasn’tbeendecidedyet.注：what引导主语从句时，如果其表语是复数形式，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：Whathetookwithhimweretwobooks.他带去的是两本书。2.“名词或代词+由with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,besides,but,except,including,inadditionto,like,nolessthan,ratherthan等引起的短语”作主语时，谓语动词与前面的名词或代词的数一致。如：MrLitogetherwithhistwosonshasgonetothecinema.Nooneexceptthetwoboyswaslateforclass.LiMing,ratherthanhisclassmates,hasletoutthesecret.真题讲解Mr.Wells.togetherwithallthemembersofhisfamily,____forEuropethisafternoon.(04,51)A.aretoleaveB.areleavingC.isleavingD.leave[C]3.“morethanone/manya+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Morethanonepersonhasknownit.Manyaworkerwaskilledintheaccident.注：“More+复数名词thanone”作主语，谓语则用复数形式。如：Morepersonsthanonehaveknownit.不止一个人知道这件事。4.“一两个……”，用“oneortwo+名词复数”表达时，谓语用复数；用“a(an)+名词单数ortwo”表达时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Oneortwodaysareenoughforthem.=Adayortwoisenoughforthem.5.and连接两个名词一起作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：LilyandKitearekindtome.但是，当两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时(其特征是and后的名词前无任何冠词)，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Theteacherandwriterhascome.Theteacherandthewriterhavecome.BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.Aknifeandforkisonthetable.注：当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有no，each,every,manya,morethanone等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Manyateacherandmanyastudenthasseenthefilm.不定代词one,noone,theother,another,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,everybody,nobody,anything,something,everything,nothing,each,either以及被each,every修饰的名词做主语，尽管有些表达复数意义，但是，它们的谓语应该用单数形式。如：Iseverybodyheretoday?Neither(book)isgood.Noneknowstheweightofanother’sburden.见人挑担不吃力。注：neither,none做主语时，口语中或非正式文字中，谓语动词通常用复数，正式的书面语中用单数。如：Are/Isneitheroftheteamsplayingthisweek?Noneofthemhas/havebeentotheGreatWall.6.在定语从句中，当关系代词who,which或that做主语时，从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。如：TheteacherwhoteachesusEnglishisfromEngland.Arethesethebooksthatwereboughtyesterday?I,whoamanewteacher,willteachyouEnglish.7.“oneof+名词复数”后面的定语从句，谓语动词应该用复数；而“the(only)oneof+名词复数”后面的定语从句的谓语应该用单数形式。如：HeisoneofthestudentsthathavepassedtheexamHeisthe(only)oneofthestudentsthathaspassedtheexam.8.某些集体名词，如family,audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,government,group,party,public,team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Myfamilyareallfondofgoingtothecinema.我全家都爱看电影。Thefamilyisratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall.这个家庭很大，总共有12个人。9.由两个部分构成一个整体的物品名词做主语，如shoes,glasses,boots,socks,scissors,compasses,trousers,shorts等，谓语通常用复数形式。如：Histrousersarenew.但带有pair这样的量词时，谓语要与量词的数保持一致。如：Thatpairoftrouserswassoldout.10.“分数（百分数）+of+名词”以及“all(most,some,any,half,alot,part,therest)+of+名词”做主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词的数一致。如：Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiswater.Twentypercentoftheorangesarebad.Allofmyclassmateslikemusic.Allofthewaterisgone.Therestofthestudentshavegonehome.Therestofthemoneywasstolen.11.“a(the,this,that)kind/sort/typeof+名词”做主语，谓语用单数形式；但“these(those,all,many,some)kindsof+名词”做主语，谓语则用复数形式。如：Thiskindofbookisusefulforus.Manykindsofshoesareonsaleinthatshop.注：“名词+ofa(the,this,that,these,those,all,some,many等)+kind(s)”做主语，谓语动词的数与前面名词的数一致。如：Bookofthiskindisusefulforus.Applesofthesekindsaresour.12.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Onthewallhangtwolargeportraits.Betweenthetworowsoftreesstandstheteachingbuilding.“anumberof+复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“thenumberof+复数名词”意为“……的数目”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Thenumberofpeopleinvitedwasfifty,butanumberofthemwereabsentfordifferentreasons.13.“a+单数名词+andahalf”和“oneandahalf+复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Oneandahalfpearshasbeenleftonthetable.盘子里剩下一个半梨子。14.并列连词or,either…or,neither…nor，not…but和notonly…butalso连接主语时，必须根据就近原则（即根据最靠近谓语动词的词语）来确定动词的人称。eg.Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelseknowstheanswer.EitherTimorhisbrothershavetoshovelthesnow.Notyou,butIamtoblame.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwasinvited.真题讲解1.Itisfutiletodiscussthematterfurther,because____goingtoagreeuponanythingtoday.(03,50)A.neitheryounorIareB.neitheryounormeisC.neitheryounorIamD.neithermenoryouare[C]2.Thestatistics____thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.(06,62)A.provesB.isprovingC.areprovingD.prove[D]【详解】statistics这里表示“统计数字、数据”，是复数形式，谓语动词prove也应用复数形式。另外prove不宜用进行时，即“数据证明”，而非“数据正在证明”，故选[D]prove。这里可能会造成误解的，是当“statistics”作“统计学”时是做单数处理。如：Statisticsisabranchofmathematics.统计学是数学的一个分支。表示“学科”的一些词以复数的形式出现，但是动词以单数处理。如：Mathematicsisasubjectstudiedinnearlyeveryschool.Politicsismuchmoredifficultthanphysics.(AlbertEinstein)3.AllthePresident’sMen____oneoftheimportantbooksforhistorianswhostudytheWatergateScandal.(07,52)A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.isremaining[B]【详解】AllthePresident’sMen是一个书名，表单一概念，谓语动词用单数，故选[B]。其他例子如：ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagoftheU.S.A.其中，thestarsandstrips代表的是“星条旗”这个单数的概念，做单数处理。