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Goodafternooneveryone,Today,ourteam’stopicisChinesecalligraphyandpainting.Firstofall,letmeintroducethefirsthalfoftheChinesecalligraphy.开篇视频翻译：CalligraphyistraditionallybeenregardedinChinaasthehighestformofvisualart.书法，传统上被视为视觉艺术的最高形式。Thefourtreasures……文房四宝，笔墨纸砚pinesoot（松烟）Calligraphyinsocialdimension……self-cultivationemulationofmoralexemplars书法在社会层面上，孔子：自我修养，效仿道德模范老子：内心自我认识的表达直到今天，中国书法依然在中国人生活中保持着强大力量。Chinesecalligraphy,thefourancientChineseartisticformsarecalledqin,chess,penmanship,andpainting;andpenmanshipparticularlyreferstoChinesecalligraphy.(中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画”的“书”特指书法)Chinesecalligraphyisakindofartusingabrushtowritesealscript,officialscript,regularscript,runningscript,andcursivescript,andothervariouswritingstylesofChinesecharacters.（它是用毛笔书写篆、隶、楷、行、草等各体汉字的艺术）ThewritingtechniquesofChinesecalligraphyarehighlightedbythemannerofusingabrush,thewayinkisused,theartofcomposition,andsoon.（中国书法在技法上讲究笔法、墨法、章法等）Itsharmoniousbeautyofartisreflectedinbetweenthelines.（它艺术的和谐之美体现在字里行间）Chinesecalligraphyexhibits（iɡˈzibits）itsbeautyindifferentposes,suchastheuniqueness（jʊ'niknɪs）oftheofficialscript―silkwormheadandswallowtail(隶书的蚕头燕尾),theregularscriptrequirementto―sticktothenormandrules(楷书的中规中矩),thecharacteristicofcursivescript―flyingdragonanddancingphoenixes(草书的龙飞凤舞),andthedistinctive―naturalgraceoftherunningscript(行书的潇洒飘逸).可谓异彩纷呈，千姿百态Indeed,ChinesecalligraphyreflectsthepersonalityofChinesepeople’sstraightforwardness,dignity,andreticence('retɪsns).(中国书法体现了中华民族的豪爽大气、端庄含蓄的特点)Chinesecharacterswereinitiallymeanttobesimplepicturesusetohelppeoplerememberthings.Afteralongperiodofdevelopment,itfinallybecameauniquecharactersystemthatembodiesphoneticsound,image,idea,andrhyme(raɪm)atthesametime.(汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意、韵的独特文字)Thewritingsystem,whichwasextremelyadvancedinancienttimes,beganwithinscriptionsonbonesandtortoiseshells,andtheseareregardedastheoriginalformsofChinesecharacters.(现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形)Afterwards,Chinesecharacterswentthroughnumerouscalligraphicstyles:bronzeinscriptions,officialscript,regularscript,cursivescript,runningscript,etc.(此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段)Chinesecharactersareusuallyroundoutsideandsquareinside,whichisrootedinancientChinesebeliefsofanorbicularskyandarectangularEarth.(汉字结构“内圆外方”，源于古人“天圆地方”的观念)ThefivebasicstrokesofChinesecharactersare一(thehorizontalstroke),丨(theverticalstroke),丿(theleft-fallingstroke),捺(theright-fallingstroke),and乙(theturningstroke).(汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折)Thefourtreasuresofthestudy.文房四宝Thewritingbrush,inkstick,inkstone,andpaperwererequisite（'rekwɪzɪt）treasuresinthestudyofthescholarsofancientChina,andtheyareoftenreferredtoasthe―FourTreasuresoftheStudy.（笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”）ThewritingbrushandinkstickhavebeenusedbytheChinesetowriteandpaintsince5,000yearsago.（用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前）IntheQinDynasty(221BC-206BC),peoplealreadyusedfeathers（'fɛðɚ）ofdifferenthardnessandbambootrunkstomakebrushes.（秦朝时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔）DuringtheHanDynasty(206BC-220AD),man-madeinkwasusedinsteadofnaturalink.（汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨）AfterpaperwasinventedbytheChinese,bambooslips,woodentablets,brocadeandsilk,whichoriginallyfunctionedaswritingsurfaces,graduallyfadedout.（有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用）Theinkstonewasfirstdevelopedwiththeuseofwritingbrushesandink.（砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展）AftertheSongDynasty(960AD-1279AD),the―FourTreasuresoftheStudy，particularlyreferredtohubi,thewritingbrushproducedinHuzhou,Zhejiangprovince;huimo,theinstickproducedinHuizhou,Anhuiprovince;xuanpaper,akindofpaperproducedinXuanzhou,Anhuiprovince;andduanyan,theinkstonemadeinZhaoqing,Guangdongprovince(ZhaoqingwasearliercalledDuanzhou).Indeed,the―FourTreasuresoftheStudyhavewrittenthewholeChinesecivilization,asitis.“文房四宝”到宋朝（960-1279）以后特指湖笔（浙江湖州）、徽墨（安徽徽州）、宣纸（安徽宣州）、端砚（广东肇庆，古称端州）。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。WangXizhi(303-361)wasaChinesecalligrapher.HeisconsideredbysomeasthefirstartistintheWesternsense,insofarasithasmovedawayfromtheofficialcanon['kænən]inforce,thecursivehandwriting,practicingaformoffreepersonalandpictorialpractice.王羲之是中国的书法家，他在西方被认为是第一位艺术家，他摆脱官方的标准，创造了独具自身自由特色的形象化的草书。YanZhenqingisamasterofcalligraphyinTangDynasty.（颜真卿是唐代书法大师）HisinnovationincalligraphicexpressionisinfluencedbyhisengagementwiththenortherntraditionofmonumentalstandardscriptstylesrepresentingabalancebetweenproprietyandZhangXu'swildness.（他的书法创新表达是基于他北部传统风格和张旭的野性适当平衡中和表现的）Thesheerweightandlackofhesitationinhisbrushstrokeshaslongbeenassociatedwithhisphysicalandmoralcourage.（俊俏毫不犹豫的笔锋一直和人的身体和思想联系在一起）Amasterthough,hewasnotaprofessionalhimself.Instead,hewasalsowell-knownforbeingastraight-forwardofficialforthegovernmentinhistime.（尽管是一位大师，但是他的主业不仅限于书法。相反,他也是直言进谏的官员而闻名于他的那个年代。）柳公权(778－865)—Tangdynasty•LiuGongquan,amasterofkaishuandcursive(行草)whoisoftenedmentionedwithYanZhenqing.（柳公权，楷书和行草大师，和颜真卿并称为“颜筋柳骨”）Kaishu:vigorousandrigorous楷书骨力遒健Running-cursive:fluentandflowing行草行云流水黄庭坚(1045-1105)HuangTingjian•AcalligrapherandpoetinSongdynasty.•Hisworksarefancyandfirm,leadingchangeofthetrend.Popularstyles黄庭坚是北宋的书法家和诗人。他的作品奇绝坚实。是当时流行的形式。CalligraphyisconsideredthemostimportantartinEastAsia,andalsothemostelegantfor