历年高考语法填空真题汇编(解析版)

1历年高考语法填空真题汇编（解析版）2018年全国一卷1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it’sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit’salways69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.答案与解析61.longer根据空白处之后的than可知，此处用long的比较级。62.tosee根据句意“要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”,tosee作目的状语。63.dying介词后应用die的动名词形式dying。64.is本文讲述跑步的好处，用的是现在时态，再根据空白处前面的can’tmake和says可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，因此用is。65.than这里是将跑步和其他运动方式作对比，再由上文的moreeffective可知，此处用than。66.that/which此处用that/which引导定语从句修饰先行词study。67.causes根据句意“每天仅仅跑5-10分钟就能降低所有因素导致的心脏病和早逝的风险”以及all可知，cause用复数形式。68.strengthen此处表明做运动的目的，再根据后面的宾语yourlegmuscles判断此处应用及物动词strengthen。69.energetic本句为主系表结构，故此处应该用形容词作表语。70.it/runninggiveit/sthatry是固定短语，意为“尝试某事物”。2018年全国二卷1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry61(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover62past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis63(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater65riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased66(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal67(globe)2fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment68(start)asoil-testingprogram69givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile70(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.答案与解析61.hasgrown由Since2011“自2011年以来”可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时，且主语thecountry是单数名词。62.the此处特指过去的25年。63.actually应用副词作状语修饰介词短语behindthechange。64.toimprove根据语境“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，动词不定式作目的状语。65.thanless是little的比较级，than引出比较对象。66.pollution此处作decrease的宾语，应填名词pollution。67.global此处和total一起修饰名词短语fertilizerconsumption意为“全世界的化肥总消耗量”。68.started根据上下文可知作者在说2005年发生的事情，应用动词的一般过去式。69.that/which根据语境“…givessspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers”修饰“asoil-testingprogram”，先行词表示物，关系代词作定语从句的主语，用that或者which。70.feedingwhen/while+现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when/while引导的时间状语从句。2018年全国三卷1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I’mnotsure61ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I’mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat62topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe63(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid64(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel65(challenge).MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma66(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching67thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind68(they)alive.Truetoagorilla’sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal69(mean)menorealharm.Hewasjustsaying:“I’mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!”Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme70(stay)andwatch.答案与解析61.which【名词性从句/连接词】根据下文的“meorthefemalegorilla”可知，此处给出两个选择，句意为：我不确定哪一个感到更害怕。故填连接代词which。62.the【冠词（定冠词）】atthetopofone’slungs是固定短语，意为“用尽量大的声音”，因此填定冠词the。63.loudest【副词（最高级）】由空格后的“ofall”可知，雄性大猩猩喊叫声最大。因此填最高级3形式loudest。64.looking【非谓语动词（动名词）】avoid后接动名词作宾语。avoiddoingsth意为“避免做某事”。65.challenged【非谓语动词（过去分词）】主语he与challenge（对……挑战）为被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。66.scientist【构词法】此处介绍“我”的身份是一位科学家。因此应填scientist。67.for【介词】此处意为“我当时正在搜寻西部低地的这三只大猩猩”。searchfor意为“搜寻”。68.them【代词（人称代词）】人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。them在此作find的宾语。69.meant【谓语动词（时态）】全文是在叙述过去的情况，因此谓语动词用一般过去时。70.tostay【非谓语动词（动词不定式）】allowsbtodosth是固定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应填tostay。1（2017全国Ⅱ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible__61__(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand__________62__work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,____63___(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover___64___top.Whenallthosehadbee