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学术英语理工2013-2014-21Unit4WritingaLiteratureReviewI.TeachingObjectivesInthisunit,youwilllearnhowto:1.writeaself-containedliteraturereview2.writealiteraturereviewasapartofanessay3.citesourcesbycorrectquotationandparagraphs4.givetheappropriatedocumentationtothesourceyouuse5.avoiddifferentkindsofplagiarism6.identifycommonknowledge7.acquireparaphrasingskills8.enhancelanguageskillsrelatedwithreadingandlisteningmaterialpresentedinthisunitII.TeachingProcedures1WritingaliteraturereviewTask11ThefourarticleswerepublishedrightaftertheFukushimadisasterinJapanandalladdressedthetopicofpotentialrisksofnuclearradiation.2Radiationisnotsoterribleasexpectedandhumanbeingsareexposedtodifferentsourcesofradiationeveryday.Whetheritwillendangerhumanhealthornotdependsonthedurationandstrengthofradiationexposure.3AmberCornelioholdsadifferentattitudefromtheotherthreeauthors.Hebelievesthatradiationexposurewillcertainlyraisetheriskofgettingcancerandgovernmentofficialsdownplayitspotentialdangertojustifyitsuseofnuclearpower.4Answersmayvary.5ItseemsthatText11,12,14providemorescientificfactsaboutnuclearradiationthanText13whichismoreemotionallychargedbyusingmanyrhetoricalquestionsandphraseslike“Iamsimplyfloored”,“letofficialsbeoblivious”,“nottobeoutdone”,“Donottellusaboutthat”.Henceitappearslessreliableandtrustworthy.Task2Comparedwithuraniumwhichtheproductionofconventionalnuclearpowerneeds,thereismorelithiumintheseawaterwhichcansupport30millionyears’fusionfuel.Task3学术英语理工2013-2014-221Reviewthepreviousrelatedstudies2Statethepreviousstudies’limitation3Announcethedirectionforfurtherstudies2Writingaself-containedliteraturereviewTask11Stigmatization,akindofsocialrejection,isbigchallengetothementallyill.Theyarerejectedbypeoplebecauseofthelabeltheycarryorthattheirbehaviorsindicatethattheybelongtoacertainlabeledgroup.2Toreportthepaststudiesofthetopic.Studieshaveprovedthatstigmatizationofthementallyilliscausedbythepublic’sbeliefinmythsaboutthedangerousnessofthementallyillandexposingthosemythscanreducestigmatization.3Threearticles.4Pescosolido&Tuch(2000)thoughtthatacommonrespondtothementallyillarerejectionandfearofviolence.Anotherarticleconcludedthatrejectionandfeararecausedbylesscontactwithmentallyill.AlexanderandLink(2003)foundthatanytypeofcontactwithmentallyillindividualsreducedperceptionsofdangerousnessofthetarget.51)Whataremajorcausesfortherejectionandfear,andcantheybereduced?2)ThisfindingisverifiedbyAlexanderandLink(2003).Task2Text11Title:RisksofNuclearPowerAuthor(s):BernardL.CohenSource::1)theprobabilityofrealreactoraccidents,withthesafetysystemofdefenseindepth,areextremelysmall;2)radioactivewaste,ifproperlyhandled,causesnegligibledamage;3)otherradiationproblems,suchasaccidentsintransportationorradonexposuresinmining,arealsonotsothreateningastheyseemtobe.Insummaryhebelievesthatradiationduetonuclearpowerwillcausemuchfewercancersanddeathsthancoalburning.(130words)Text12Title:HowRadiationThreatensHealthAuthor(s):NinaBaiSource:ScientificAmericanSummary:NinaBaiaddressesthewidespreadconcernsoverthehealtheffectsofradiationexposureinthewakeofFukushimanuclearcrisis.Shediscussesthreedeterminativefactors:the学术英语理工2013-2014-23level,typeanddurationofradiationexposure.First,radiationsicknessusuallyoccurswhenthereisexcessivedoseofexposure,thoughthelimitsofradiationleveldifferforthegeneralpublic,radiationworkers,andpatientsgoingthroughmedicalradiation.Second,ofthefourtypesofionizingradiation,gamma,X-ray,alpha,andbeta,thelattertwo,albeitbeinglowerenergy,aremorelikelytocausehealthdamage.Third,averyhighsingledoseofradiationcanbemoreharmfulthanthesamedosageaccumulatedovertime.Finally,BaidrawsonthelessonofChernobyl,andconcludesradiationexposurewithinreasonablelimitisnotsofearfulanditisgoodtoexercisecaution.(136words)Text13Title:ShouldNuclearRadiationFoundinDomesticMilkComeasaSurprise?Author(s):AmberCornelioSource:(2011)maintainsthatradiationfromJapan’sFukushimadisasterhasthreatenedthedailylifeofordinaryAmericans.Hechallengesthegovernment’sviewthatradioactivematerialsdetectedindomesticmilk,vegetablesandrainwaterwillposenopublichealthconcern.Hesuspectsthatthegovernmentisdownplayingthepotentialdangersofradiationtojustifyitsuseofnuclearpower.Hebelievesthegovernmenthasfailedtodothejobofprotectingpeople.Intheend,heurgesthegovernmenttobemoreresponsibleandstopbuildingpowerplantsonafaultyline.Hewarnsthatcoveringupthefactsisnotthekeytoavoidsimilardisastersinthefuture.(108words)66Text14Title:RadiationandHealth:TheAftershocksofJapan’sNuclearDisasterAuthor(s):SusanBlumenthalSource:(2011)aimstoinformpeopleofnu