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语法专题：动词不定式与动名词动词不定式的构成语态时态主动形式被动形式一般式进行式完成式完成进行式(not)todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing注：不带to的不定式do动词不定式的用法功能例句做主语做宾语做表语做补足语做定语做状语Itisimportantforustobehonest.Iwishtobeadoctor.WhatIneedistohaveagoodjob.Iexpectyoutomakegreatprogress.Letmegoplease.Hehasacompositiontowrite.Thereislittletogo.Sheworkedhardonlytofailagain.(结果)Icometosaysorrytoyou.（目的）soasto动词不定式的复合结构(一)forsb.todo/ofsb.todo/enoughto用法例句做主语做宾语做定语做表语做状语Itisnecessaryforustogivebloodnow.Itisfoolishofyoutodosuchathing.Doyouthinkit’sharmfulforachildtowatchTVallday?Pleasefindsomethingforthemtodo.Thisisforyoutojudge.Thejobiseasyenoughtodo.(逻辑主语)动词不定式的复合结构(二)疑问词+todo用法例句做主语做宾语做表语Howtodothejobisnotclear.It’snotclearhowtodothejob.Iwonderwheretogo.Theproblemiswhentostart.注意一：主动语态中没to,被动语态中加tolet,make,see,watch,feel,havehear,listento,notice,lookatsb./sth.dosthelselet,made,seen,watched,heard,listenedto,noticedtodobeEg:Thelandownermadethepeasantworkdayandnightintheolddays.Thepeasantwasmadetoworkbythelandownerdayandnightintheolddays.注意二：不定式的逻辑主语应与句中的主语一致TolearnEnglishwell,2000newwordsarenotenough.()×TolearnEnglishwell,weneedfarmorethan2000newwords.()√注意三：常用不定式做宾语的及物动词有哪些？•agree(同意)，begin，decide，learn，desire(希望)determine（决心）expect（期望）forget，hope，，like，love，mean，offer（给予）plan，pretend（假装）promise（答应）refuse（拒绝）regret（遗憾）remember，try，wantPleaseremembertoclosethedoorwhenyouleave.注意五：常用不定式做定语的名词有哪些？•ability,agreement,attempt,chance,claim,decision,determination,failure,freedom,hope,need,plan,opportunity,promise,refusal,way,以及序数词thefirst,second与last,only,best等也常用不定式做定语。Hewastheonlyonetorealizethedanger.be+形容词+todo中不定式部分常做状语•ableafraidsureanxiouspleaseddeterminedeagerfreegladreadysorrywillingbetodo通常要求带不定式做宾语补足语的动词有哪些？•advise,allow,ask,cause,consider,expect,find,know,tell,think,want,wish,imagine,Sb.(not)todoIadvisedhimnottosmokeanymore.Ithinkhimtobeagiftedmusician.动名词的形式语态时态一般式完成式主动式被动式studyinghavingstudiedbeingstudiedhavingbeenstudied动名词的用法句中成分例句主语表语宾语定语Swimmingisneverasfastasrunning.Takingaboutitisnouse.Ourdutyisprogrammingthecomputer.Myfavouritesportisskating.Wouldyoumindwaitingforamoment?Iamsorryforbeinglate.Thesedialoguesmaybeusedaslisteningmaterials.(=materialsforlistening)Thereadingroomisalargeroundhall.(=roomforreading)动名词的时态与语态Besidesreading,heisfondofcollectingstamps.(主动)Wassheupsetatnotbeinginvited?(被动)Irememberhavingreadthearticle.(主动完成)Afterhavingbeentested,theinstrumentwassenttothelab.(完成被动)Thehousewantsrepairing.(形式主动实质被动=toberepaired)Mymachineneedsfixing.(=tobefixed)Thisquestiondemandsconsideringseriously.(=tobeconsidered)动名词的逻辑主语Isuggesthisgoingthere.（物主代词）Histakingpartintheworkwillhelpusalot.(物主代词)WearelookingforwardtoBetty’scoming.(名词所有格)Hernotbeingabletocomemadehimsad.(物主代词)只跟动名词作宾语的动词有哪些？•avoid(避免),deny(否认),•dislike,enjoy,excuse,finish,keep,mind,miss,practise(练习),suggest(建议),can’thelp,giveup,insiston(坚持)doing既可跟动名词，又跟不定式的动词有哪些？•attempt(试图),begin,•continue,start,hate,•prefer,love,like,learntodo/doing意义差别不大。forget,need,remember,regret,stop,try,wanttodo/doing意义差别很大1.forgettodo忘了去做某事forgetdoing曾经做过某事忘了Don’tforget(lock)thedoorbeforegoingtobed.I’llneverforget(see)himforthefirsttime.tolockseeing2.needtodo需要去做某事needdoing/tobedone被动义Ineed(go)toseemyparentsatonce.Myhouseneed(paint)atonce.togopainting3.remembertodo记得去做某事rememberdoing记得曾经做过某事Iclearlyremember(pay)him.Igavehim$3.Doyouremember(give)himthekey?No,Idon’t.I’llgoanddoitnow.payingtogive4.regrettodo遗憾地做某事regretdoing后悔做某事Iregret(tell)himthis.He’ssounreliable.Iregret(inform)youthatyourapplicationhasbeenrefusedYou’llneverregret(do)akindaction.tellingtoinformdoing5.stoptodo停下来原来做的事而去做别的事stopdoing停止或不再做某事stoparguingandstartworking.Ididn’tknowhowtogettheresoIstoppedtoasktheway.Dostop(talk);Iamtryingtofinishaletter.talking6.meantodo意义是,打算（本意）meandoing意味Failingthisentranceexammeans(wait)forayear.Imean(go),andnothingisgoingtostopme.waitingtogo练习：Idon’twant(disappoint)you.yourwindowswant(clean).Ifyoucan’tturnthekey,try(put)someoilinthelock.Hetried(explain)butsherefusedtolisten.Hetried(move)therockbutcouldn’t.Hetried(use)anothermethodbutdidn’tsucceed.todisappointcleaningputtingtoexplaintomoveusing