外国直接投资待遇指南(Guidelines-on-the-Treatment-of-Foreign-

WorldBankGuidelinesontheTreatmentofForeignDirectInvestmentTheDevelopmentCommitteeRecognizingthatagreaterflowofforeigndirectinvestmentbringssubstantialbenefitstobearontheworldeconomyandontheeconomiesofdevelopingcountriesinparticular,intermsofimprovingthelongtermefficiencyofthehostcountrythroughgreatercompetition,transferofcapital,technologyandmanagerialskillsandenhancementofmarketaccessandintermsoftheexpansionofinternationaltrade;thatthepromotionofprivateforeigninvestmentisacommonpurposeoftheInternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment,theInternationalFinanceCorporationandtheMultilateralInvestmentGuaranteeAgency;thattheseinstitutionshavepursuedthiscommonobjectivethroughtheiroperations,advisoryservicesandresearch;thatattherequestoftheDevelopmentCommittee,aworkinggroupestablishedbythePresidentoftheseinstitutionsandconsistingoftheirrespectiveGeneralCounselhas,afterreviewingexistinglegalinstrumentsandliterature,aswellasbestavailablepracticeidentifiedbytheseinstitutions,preparedasetofguidelinesrepresentingadesirableoverallframeworkwhichembodiesessentialprinciplesmeanttopromoteforeigndirectinvestmentinthecommoninterestofallmembers;thattheseguidelines,whichhavebenefittedfromaprocessofbroadconsultationinsideandoutsidetheseinstitutions,constituteafurtherstepintheevolutionaryprocesswhereseveralinternationaleffortsaimtoestablishafavorableinvestmentenvironmentfreefromnon-commercialrisksinallcountries,andtherebyfostertheconfidenceofinternationalinvestors;andthattheseguidelinesarenotultimatestandardsbutanimportantstepintheevolutionofgenerallyacceptableinternationalstandardswhichcomplement,butdonotsubstitutefor,bilateralinvestmenttreaties,thereforecallstheattentionofmembercountriestothefollowingGuidelinesasusefulparametersintheadmissionandtreatmentofprivateforeigninvestmentintheirterritories,withoutprejudicetothebindingrulesofinternationallawatthisstageofitsdevelopment.ISCOPEOFAPPLICATION1.TheseGuidelinesmaybeappliedbymembersoftheWorldBankGroupinstitutionstoprivateforeigninvestmentintheirrespectiveterritories,asacomplementtoapplicablebilateralandmultilateraltreatiesandotherinternationalinstruments,totheextentthattheseGuidelinesdonotconflictwithsuchtreatiesandbindinginstruments,andasapossiblesourceonwhichnationallegislationgoverningthetreatmentofprivateforeigninvestmentmaydraw.ReferencetotheStateintheseGuidelines,unlessthecontextotherwiseindicates,includestheStateoranyconstituentsubdivision,agencyorinstrumentalityoftheStateandreferencetonationalsincludesnaturalandjuridicalpersonswhoenjoythenationalityoftheState.2.TheapplicationoftheseGuidelinesextendstoexistingandnewinvestmentsestablishedandoperatingatalltimesasbonafideprivateforeigninvestments,infullconformitywiththelawsandregulationsofthehostState.3.TheseGuidelinesarebasedonthegeneralpremisethatequaltreatmentofinvestorsinsimilarcircumstancesandfreecompetitionamongthemareprerequisitesofapositiveinvestmentenvironment.NothingintheseGuidelinesthereforesuggeststhatforeigninvestorsshouldreceiveaprivilegedtreatmentdeniedtonationalinvestorsinsimilarcircumstances.IIADMISSION1.EachStatewillencouragenationalsofotherStatestoinvestcapital,technologyandmanagerialskillinisterritoryand,tothatend,isexpectedtoadmitsuchinvestmentsinaccordancewiththefollowingprovisions.2.Infurtheranceoftheforegoingprinciple,eachStatewill:(a)facilitatetheadmissionandestablishmentofinvestmentsbynationalsofotherStates,and(b)avoidmakingundulycumbersomeorcomplicatedproceduralregulationsfor,orimposingunnecessaryconditionson,theadmissionofsuchinvestments.3.EachStatemaintainstherighttomakeregulationstogoverntheadmissionofprivateforeigninvestments.Intheformulationandapplicationofsuchregulations,Stateswillnotethatexperiencesuggeststhatcertainperformancerequirementsintroducedasconditionsofadmissionareoftencounterproductiveandthatopenadmission,possiblysubjecttoarestrictedlistofinvestments(whichareeitherprohibitedorrequirescreeningandlicensing),isamoreeffectiveapproach.SuchperformancerequirementsoftendiscourageforeigninvestorsfrominitiatinginvestmentintheStateconcernedorencourageevasionandcorruption.Undertherestrictedlistapproach,investmentsinnonlistedactivities,whichproceedwithoutapproval,remainsubjecttothelawsandregulationsapplicabletoinvestmentsintheStateconcerned.4.WithoutprejudicetothegeneralapproachoffreeadmissionrecommendedinSection3above,aStatemay,asanexception,refuseadmissiontoaproposedinvestment:(i)whichis,intheconsideredopinionoftheState,inconsistentwithclearlydefinedrequirementsofnationalsecurity;or(ii)whichbelongstosectorsreservedbythelawoftheStatetoitsnationalsonaccountoftheState'seconomicdevelopmentobjectivesorthestrictexigenciesofitsnationalinterest.5.Restrictionsapplicabletonationalinvestmentonaccountofpublicpolicy(ordrepublic),publichealthandtheprotectionoftheenvironmentwillequallyapplytoforeigninvestment.6.EachStateisencouragedtopublish,intheformofahandbookorothermediumeasilyaccessibletootherStatesandtheirinvestors,adequateandregularlyupdatedinformationaboutitslegislation,regulationsandproceduresre