英语国家社会与文化入门

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Origins•Page240SecondLargestcountry,butnotdisputedterritory31millionpopulation,smallerthanmanystatesClosetotheUnitedStates,butdifferenthistory.Tiestothemothercountryintotheageofrailroads.Morepeacefulinthe19thcenturyPage241AndwhatdoesanEnglishspeakingwheatfarmerinruralSaskatchewanhaveincommonwithaFrench-speakingcorporatelawyerinthesophisticatedcityofMontrealOrigins•Page245TheearliestmajorsettlementswereestablishedinNovaScotiain1604andQuebecin1608.BoththesewerefirstfoundedbyFrench.不是空的土地,是法国的土地加拿大,澳大利亚,不一样美洲SamueldeChamplainfoundedthetinypostofQuebecin1608—thebeginningof新法国In1620,agroupofEnglishPuritanslandedatCapeCod,新英国In1607,JamestowninwhatisnowVirginia.1565SaintAugustineSevenYearsWar,p245七年战争AcadiabecameEnglishin1710,Quebecin1763加拿大开始法语国家,在七年战争变英语国家FranceandEngland法国和英国,在欧洲和美洲在美洲新法国是英国的SevenYearsWar,p248,240七年战争CreatesUSColonelWashingtonNewland,lessfearofFranceTaxestopayforwarPlainsofAbrahamSeptember13,1759Duringthesevenyearswar...theBritisharmy,ledbyJamesWolfewasvictoriousinabriefbattleontheplainsofAbraham,outsidethewallsofQuebecin17591608--1757CanadaQuebec.French-speaking法语QuebecCityfounded1608(p240)BecameBritishatthePlainsofAbraham(p240)Flagisbluewithfleurdelis1960sQuietRevolution(p246)Frenchbecameanofficiallanguage,morepowerfulQuebecdidnotratifythe1982Constitution.MeechLakeaccordtriedtobringthemtogether,failed(264)1608-17631960s.QuietRevolution安静革命forFrenchlanguage法语Louderactionsbyseparatists分离分子NotratifyConstitution,MeechLakeAccord转折点1759PlainsofAbrahamFrenchandEnglish1783YorktownBritishvRepublic1865Appomattoxnoslavery2011WisconsinLaborandCapitalCanadaQuebecisFrench法语FirstNations第一民族华人在VancouverQuebec法国人第一民族FirstNations,p235OntarioAmericanhistoryalsoaffectedCanada'shistory.AfterthewarofindependencemanywhoremainedloyaltothemonarchyleftfornorthoftheborderUtincipetFidelis,sicPermanet美国革命,茶会美国人说“好”加拿大人说“不好”北美洲说英语—德国王Lesstruenowthan100yearsago第一民族NotTerraNulliuslikeAustraliaNotIndianwarsliketheUSCanadaNunavut.Isanareawithfewpeople少人大区,dominatedbyFirstNations第一民族p268ColumbusthoughthehaddiscoveredIndiaThetermIndianwasdiscardedbecauseitdidnotreflecttherichculturaldiversityandcontributionsofthesepeoples.Nowmakeupabout3%ofthepopulation.USNativeAmerica,AfricanAmericanPeoples民族FirstNationsAboriginalsMaoriNunavutTerraNulliusTreatyofStandoffsStolenGenerationWaitangiMabovQueenslandPeoples民族,269Coercedtreaties,secondclassDisease,Massacre疾病,屠杀Tuberculosis,suicide,alcoholAssimilation同化coldmeantlesspressureButdescribedasbarbarictreatment加拿大法国人,英国人,第一民族P268thedaysofAngloSaxondominancearegoneCanadaFrenchFoundationsConverttoEnglishadministrationLoyalistEnglisharriveafterAmericanRevolutionp245CanadaWilliamLyonMacKenzieJohnAMacDonaldAlexanderMacKenzieWilliamLyonMacKenzieKingCanadaFrenchPeopleLoyaltytotheCrownFederationin1864(88years)Similarbutlesswarlike.19thCenturyAmericanRevolution,MexicanWar,CivilWar,SpanishWarCanadainWarTheGreatWarTheSommeGallipoliInFlandersFieldsCanadainWarCanadainWarInFlandersfieldsthepoppiesblow在法兰德斯的田罌粟吹Betweenthecrosses,rowonrow,中间十字架,一排,一排Thatmarkourplace;andinthesky彼标志我们的地方,和在天空Thelarks,stillbravelysinging,fly云雀飞,勇敢唱歌Ifyebreakfaithwithuswhodie如果你们背信和我们,死者Weshallnotsleep,thoughpoppiesgrow我们不休息虽然罌粟增长CanadainWarInFlandersfieldsthepoppiesblowBetweenthecrosses,rowonrow,Thatmarkourplace;andintheskyThelarks,stillbravelysinging,flyScarceheardamidthegunsbelow.WearetheDead.ShortdaysagoWelived,feltdawn,sawsunsetglow,Lovedandwereloved,andnowwelie,InFlandersfields.Takeupourquarrelwiththefoe:ToyoufromfailinghandswethrowThetorch;beyourstoholdithigh.IfyebreakfaithwithuswhodieWeshallnotsleep,thoughpoppiesgrowInFlandersfields.JemesouvienstheMaritimesQuebec,OntarioPrarieProvincesBCCanadaTheMaritimes海上Smallpopulation,older,fishingRCMPRoyalCanadianMountedPoliceStrength,Order,AuthorityCanadianPacificRailroadbuildsnation243BritishColumbiaSplendorsineOccasuSplendourwithoutdiminishmentCascadian.Vancouver2hoursfromSeattle.VancouverIsland.LotsofHongKongChineseBritishColumbiaBritishColumbiaVancouverisacenteroffilmproduction.vanCoeverdenbecamethenameofaBritishseaCaptain,Vancouver30%Chinese—Taiwan,HongKong52%haveafirstlanguageotherthanEnglishBritishColumbia271Cantonesespeakersinschools.BroughttoCanadatolearnEnglish,butstayinCantonesebubble.VancouverChinatownp243,270ThePrarieProvincesofAlberta,Manitoba,andSaskatchewangrowwheat,theareaisgiventhenameofthebreadbasketofCanadaFromthe1890sto1920s,immigrationfromeasternEuropeHudson'sBayCo1668grantfromCharlesIITrappingandFurs毛皮for2centuriescompetewFrenchEconomy,p255¾oftheOilinCanadacomesfromAlbertaPeoplecomparetoTexasCattle牛andOil油Economy,p256HydroelectricpowerfromFast-flowingriversEconomy,CanadaUSWheatPrarieProvincesMidwestFishingMaritmesCapeCodFurHudsonsBayMidAtlanticMiningAlbertaTexasManufacturingGreatLakesAstheseventhlargesttourist旅游economyintheworld,Canadaattractsmorethan40milliontouristsfromallovertheworldannuallyBritishNorthAmericaActUnitesseveralstatesCentralgovernmentMoney,taxation,defenceAllpowersnotassignedtoprovinces.ThingslikeCabinetnotmentioned1982SimilartoUSBillofrights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