高中英语情态动词详解(必修三unit1-2)

情态动词常用的情态动词can（could）may（might）shall（should）will（would）mustdare（dared）needhavetooughttobeabletousedtoThefeatures（特点)ofthemodalverbs:1.情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全.2.不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语.3.情态动词没有人称和数的变化(除“haveto”).4.没有不定式、V-ing、V-ed形式.Hecan/could/must/may/might/shall/should/need/dare/dared/will/would/oughtto/usedto+workinthatfactory.Hehastogohomenow.Hehadtolookafterhissickmother.在情态动词的使用中,我们要注意以下考点:1.情态动词的基本用法。2.情态动词表推测的用法。3.情态动词+havedone的用法。1.表“能力”can,could的用法1.Ican/amabletoswim.2.Icould/wasabletoclimbatreewhenIwasachild.3.Iwillbeabletoswimnextweek.4.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.1.can表示现在的能力(ability)2.could表示过去的能力3.beableto表能力，可用于多种时态4.beableto强调成功地做了某事2.表“请求,许可”(permission)could用来表示请求的时候比can更委婉CanyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.CouldIuseyourbike?—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou____．A.mightB.willC.canD.should3.表“可能性”(possibility)P5,4can,could用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，“经验之谈”Asahumanbeing,anyonecanmakeamistake.can,could用在疑问句中表推测,表示可能性Canshebeintheclassroom?can,could用在否定句中表推测，翻译成“不可能”Wethoughtthestorycouldn’tbetrue.1.Mary____beinParis，forIsawherinthetownonlyafewminutesago．A．mustn'tB．can'tC．shouldn'tD．maynot2.MyMP4playerisn’tinmybag.Where____Ihaveputit?A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would(08湖南28)Youdon’thavetoknowthenameoftheauthortofindabook.Youfindthebookbythetitle.A.mustB.needC.canD.would答案Ccan表示“可以，能够”。(08浙江11)Youbehungryalready—youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!A.wouldn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t答案B解析句意为：你不可能饿了，你两个小时之前才吃的午饭！can’t指不可能；mustn’t表猜测时，不能用于否定句；Needn’t指没有必要。(08福建24)ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch，butitberathercoldsometimes.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would答案B解析must必然，一定；can可能；should应该；would（过去）将，总会。本题提供的语境是“有时可能会……”。Peterbereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhe’sanicepersoningeneral.A.shallB.shouldC.canD.must答案C解析句意为：虽然彼得总体上来说是一个好人，但有时真的难以相处。can在这里不表示主观的推测，而表示客观的可能性。4.表“request”Couldyoushowmethewaytoschool?1.表“询问”(might比用may更客气.)MayI…?(=CanI…?)MightI…?(=CouldI…?)MayIborrowyourbook?may与might用法—MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?—________.A.No,youneedn’tB.Not,please.C.No,youmustn’tD.No,youwon’t注意：mayI…?的答语.肯定:Yes,youmay.否定:No,youmustn’t(语气强硬)No,youmaynot.或No,you’dbetternot.2.表“许可”(permission)P5,1YoumaytaketheboythereHesaidthatImightusehistelephone.—MightIwatchTVaftersupper?—Yes,you________.A.mayB.mustC.mightD.could3.表推测，表示主观上的推测(prediction)，“可能，也许”，不用于疑问句,might比may的可能性更小4.(possibility)P5,2Shemaynotlikethisplace.I’mafraidhemightnotlikethisplace.Peter＿＿＿＿comewithustonight，butheisn’tverysureyet．A．mustB．mayC．canD．will(08全国Ⅱ17)Lizawellnotwanttogoonthetrip—shehatestraveling.A.willB.canC.mustD.may答案D解析句意为：Liza极有可能不想去旅行——她讨厌旅行。maywell很可能，极有可能，表示猜测。当表示猜测时，will和can不能与well连用，must只能用于肯定句中。1.must表示主观上的必须，应该，没有时态变化。YoumustdoeverythingasIdo.注意:—MustIfinishmyhomeworktoday?—Yes,youmust.—No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.must的用法“必须、不得不”must表示的是说话人的主观看法。haveto表示的是客观需要。（是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。）Ihavetobeatmyofficeeveryevening.注意：1.haveto的否定形式don’thaveto表示不必。2.haveto可用于多种时态中。1.Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,you___takecareofyourluggage.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will2.—Musthecometosignthispaperhimself?—Yes,he_______.A.needB.mustC.mayD.will否定回答为needn’t2.must表示肯定的推测。(prediction)Thelightisstillon,sohemustbeathome.Lookathisnewcar.He______havealotofmoney.A.shouldB.shallC.mayD.must3.AdviceWhenyoueatfishyoumustbecarefulwiththebone.(09北京25)Oneofthefewthingsyou____sayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.can答案B4.GuessingWangFenghaswontheEnglishcompetitionthreetimes.Hemustbesmart.5.must表示“一定要”、“坚持”“偏要”、“偏偏”。表示与说话人的愿望相反.Ifyoumustgo，atleastwaittillthestormisover．Mustyoumakesomuchnoise？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？—MayIsmokehere?—Ifyou____,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A.shouldB.couldC.mayD.must6.mustn’t表示禁止做某事。Youmustn’tsmokeintheoffice.WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatI______playwithmatches.A.wouldn'tB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.daren'tshall作助动词，用于第一人称，表示将来，should是shall的过去式WeshallstartforBeijingtomorrow.shall作情态动词1：用于第一人称和第三人称，表示征求对方意见或请求指示Shallwebeginourlesson?ShallI/shesithere?shall与should用法--Sir,____hegoorstay?--Lethimgo.A.willB.shallC.mightD.could2:shall用于第二、三人称，表示允诺、警告、威胁、命令、决心等。Youshallhaveanicepresentforyourbirthday.Youshallbesorryforwhatyouhavedone.Whenhecomesinnobodyshallsayaword.Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingoutthisplan.(允诺)(允)(警告)(命令)(决心)1.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates(候选人)____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall2.—Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.—You___havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.A.shan’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.shouldn’t3).shall用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。“Theinterest（利益）___bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall1.should=oughtto表示劝告，建议，意为“应该”，oughtto语气更强些，强调“有责任，有义务做”A:I’llstarttheworktomorrow.B:Ithinkyoushouldstarttoday.C:No,yououghttostartatonce.(语气更强）should/oughtto的否定形式表示“不应该”Childrenshouldn’tsmoke.—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?—It________be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.A.willB.would