《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹(含习题)：虚拟语气

《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹四、虚拟语气虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1、虚拟条件句。[来源:Zxxk.Com][来源:Z&xx&k.Com]2、名词性虚拟语气。3、虚拟语气的其他用语。一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If主语＋过去时，主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋动词原形，如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋have＋过去分词，如：Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.[来源:Zxxk.Com]IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：Ifshouldwereto主语＋＋do，主语＋should（could…）＋原形do过去时（与现在事实条件句一样）。Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.IfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.注意问题：1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。3、在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.二、名词性虚拟语气：[来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K][来源:Z§xx§k.Com]在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语＋（should）＋动词原形，如：MotherinsistedthatJohngotobedat9o’clock.（宾语从句）Wesuggestedthatthemeetingshouldnotbeheld.Itwasrequiredthatthecropsshouldbeharvestedatonce.（主语从句）Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwasrejected.（同位语从句）Thatistheirdemandthattheirwagesbeincreased.（表语从句）注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：1、wish后的宾语从句：与现在愿望不一致主语＋过去时；IwishIwereyou.与过去愿望不一致主语＋had＋过去分词；IwishIhadvisitedthewhiteHousewhenIwasinthestates.与未来愿望不一致主语＋would（could）＋原形。IwishIcouldmeetyoutomorrowattheparty.2、It’stime句型：当It’stime后用that从句时应该为：主语＋should＋原形或主语＋过去时，例如：It’stimethatyouwenttoschool.或It’stimethatyoushouldgotoschool.3、Ifonly引起的感叹句相当于“HowIwish＋宾语从句”Ifonlyhecouldcome!他要能来就好了。IfonlyIhadknowntheanswer!我要早知答案就好了。4、wouldrather,asif（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.I’dratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.[来源:学|科|网]Shelovesthechildrenasiftheywerehers.AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.5、without,but,butfor,otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。Withoutyou,Iwouldneverknowhim.Butforyourcooperation,wewouldn’thavedonetheworksowell.=Ifitwerenotforyourcooperation,wewewouldn’thavedonetheworksowell.注：without/butfor…=Ifitweren’tnotfor…/Ifithadn’tbeenfor….,sb…..Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butI’ambusynow.Iambusynow;otherwiseIwoulddoyouthefavor!【专项训练】1、Itisimportantthatacollegestudentaforeignlanguage.A．willmasterB．masterC．mastersD．wouldmaster2、Itisstrangethatshewithoutsayingaword.A．shouldhavegoneoutB．went[来源:学科网]C．shouldgooutD．goesout3、IfmylawyerherelastSaturday,hemefromgoing.A．hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB．hadbeen,wouldpreventC．were,wouldpreventD．were,wouldhaveprevent4、——“Heisabraveman.”——“Yes,IwishIhiscourage.”A．haveB．hadC．willhaveD．mayhave5、Ifitrain,thecropswouldbesaved.A．shouldB．willC．isgoingtoD．wasto6、Heorderedthatthemedicinebyaspecialplane.[来源:学科网]A．wassentB．wouldbesentC．shouldsendD．besent7、Ifyouthemedicine,youbetternow.A．took,wouldfeelB．hadtaken,felt[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K][来源:学科网ZXXK]C．hadtaken,wouldfeelD．took,wouldhavefelt8、Sheismysister,butsheoftenactsasifmymother.A．isB．wasC．wereD．hadbeen9、Iwenttobedearlylastnight,butIwishIso.A．didn’tdoB．hadn’tdoC．haven’tdoneD．couldn’tdo10、I’dratherhetomorrowafternoon.A．willcomeB．comesC．comingD．came答案：1、B2、A3、A4、B5、A6、D7、C8、C9、B10、D