《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹三、主谓一致Agreement知识要点:在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定,则要看句子的意思。多数情况下,根据句子的主语形式就能判定,但有的则要看整句的意思,及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:1)Thebookisonthetable.2)HeisreadingEnglish.3)Toworkhardisnecessary.(Itisnecessarytoworkhard.)[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K]4)Howyougetthereisaproblem.2、复数主语跟复数动词。如:Childrenliketoplaytoys.3、在倒装句中,动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头,be动词与后面第一个名词一致。如:1)Thereisadognearthedoor.2)Therewerenoschoolsinthisareabeforeliberation.3)Herecomesthebus.4)Onthewallweretwofamouspaintings.5)HereisMr.Brownandhischildren.4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,perhaps,like,including,aswellas,nolessthan,morethan,ratherthan等引起的短语,谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如:1)Jane,MaryandIaregoodfriends.2)Heandmyfatherworkinthesamefactory.3)Hissister,nolessthanyou,iswrong.4)Thefather,ratherthanthebrothers,isresponsiblefortheaccident.5)He,likeyouandXiaoLiuisverydiligent.6)Everypictureexceptthesetwohasbeensold.7)AlicewithherparentsoftengoestotheparkonSundays.8)Aliceaswellasherfriendswasinvitedtotheconcert.9)NobodybutMaryandIwasintheclassroomatthattime.5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,and后面的名词没有冠词。如:[来源:学科网ZXXK]1)Thewriterandworkeriscomingtoourschooltomorrow.这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。2)Breadandbutteristheirdailyfood.面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。3)Thewriterandtheworkerarecomingtoourschooltomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each,every,no,manya修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:1)Everyboyandgirlhasbeeninvitedtotheparty.所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。2)Noteacherandnostudentisabsenttoday.今天没有老师和学生缺席。[来源:Z#xx#k.Com]3)Manyastudentisbusywiththeirlessons.许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。7、each,either,one,another,theother,neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:1)Eachtakesacupoftea.2)Eitheriscorrect.3)Neitherofthemlikesthispicture.8、由every,some,any,no构成的合成代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:1)Iseveryonehere?2)Nothingistobedone.没有什么要干的事儿了。9、关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:1)Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.2)Anyonewhoisagainstthisopinionmayspeakout.3)Heisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedatthemeeting.10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时,其谓语动词常用单数形式。如:1)Threeyearsisnotalongtime.2)Tendollarsiswhatheneeds.3)Fivehundredmilesisalongdistance.11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待(如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等),动词用单数形式。如:1)TheUnitedStatesisinNorthAmerica.2)TheUnitedNationshaspassedaresolution(决议)。3)“TheArabianNights”(《天方夜谭》)isaninterestingbook.12、有些集体名词如family,team,group,class,audience(听众,观众),government等作主语时,如看作是一个整体,谓语动词则用单数形式;如强调各个成员时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:1)Myfamilyisgoingtohavealongjourney.我家要进行一次长途旅行。2)Myfamilyarefondofmusic.我家人都喜欢音乐。3)Theclasshaswonthehonour.这班获得了荣誉。4)Theclasswerejumpingforjoy.全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。13、all,more,most,some,any,none,half,therest等作主语时,既可表示复数意义,也可表示单数意义,谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如:1)Alloftheappleisrotten.整个苹果都烂了。2)Alloftheapplesarerotten.所有的苹果都烂了。3)Mostofthewoodwasusedtomakefurniture(家具)。14、the+形容词(或分词)作主语时,常指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念,谓语动词则用单数形式。如:1)Theyoungareusuallyveryactive.年轻人通常是很活跃的。2)Thewoundedarebeingtakengoodcareofherenow.现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。15、or,either…or…,neither…nor…,whether…or,notonly…but(also)连接的是主语,谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如:1)EitheryouorIamgoingtothemovies.2)Notonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong.16、不可数名词没有复数形式,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:1)Waterisakindofmatter.2)Thenewsatsixo’clockistrue.17、集合名词如:people,police,cattle等作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如:1)Thepolicearesearchingforhim.2)Thecattlearegrassing(吃草)。18、population当人口讲时,谓语动词用单数形式;当人们讲时,谓语动词用复数。如:1)ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofJapan.2)Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.19、thenumberof+名词复数,是表示“…的数字”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;a(large/great)numberof+名词复数,表示许多,作主语时;谓语动词用复数形式。1)Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisincreasingyearafteryear.2)Anumberofstudentshavegoneforanouting.20、means,politics,physics,plastics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。【专项训练】1、Nothingbutcarsintheshop.A.issoldB.aresoldC.weresoldD.aregoingtosell2、NooneexceptJackandTomtheanswer.A.knowB.knowsC.isknowingD.areknown3、Seventypercentofthestudentsinourschoolfromthecountryside.A.isB.areC.comesD.arecoming4、ofthemoneyusedup.A.Three-five,areB.Three-fifths,havebeenC.Three-fifths,hasbeenD.Third-fifths,is5、Thenumberofthepeoplewhocarsincreasing.A.owns,areB.owns,isC.own,isD.own,are6、OneofMarx’sworkswritteninEnglishinthe1860s.A.wasB.wereC.wouldbeD.are7、Thesheetsforyourbedwashing.A.needsB.areneedingC.wantD.arewanting8、Oneachsideofthestreetalotoftrees.A.standsB.growC.isstandingD.aregrown9、Somepersoncallingforyouatthegate.A.areB.isC.isbeingD.willbe10、Allthatcanbeeateneatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen11、Tom’steacherandfriendMr.Smith.A.areB.isC.arebeingD.has12、Yournewclothesfityou,butmineme.A.doesn’tfitB.don’tfitC.doesn’tfitforD.don’tfitfor13、NeitherhenorIfortheplan.A.amB.areC.isD.were14、Manyastudentthatmistakebefore.A.hasmadeB.havemadeC.hasbeenmadeD.hadmade15、Peter,perhapsJohn,playingwiththelittledog.A.isB.areC.wereD.seems16、Layingeggstheantqueen’sfull-timejob.A.isB.areC.hasD.have17、Betweenthetwobuildingsamonument.A.standB.standsC.standingD.isstanding18、I,whoyourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrow.A.amB.isC.areD.was19、TheUnitedNationsin1945.A.werefoundB.werefoundedC.wasfoundedD.wasfound20、werealsoinvitedtotheparty.A.Mr.SmithB.TheSmith